MIDTERMS - Plating 2

Covers: Bones and muscles of upper extremities

Scapula

A flat bone with 2 surfaces (ventral and dorsal), 3 angles (superior, lateral, inferior), and 3 borders (medial, lateral, inferior)

Subscapular fossa

Scapular fossa at its anterior surface

Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa

Scapular fossae at its posterior surface

Lateral / acromial end of clavicle

Arcomion process of scapula articulates with?

Opposite the 2nd rib

Where the superior angle of scapula lies

Opposite the 7th rib

Where the inferior angle of scapula lies

Glenoid cavity

Where the lateral angle of scapula lies

Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint

2 synovial joints of scapula

Coracoclavicular joint
Coracoacromial joint

2 fibrous joints of scapula

Branches of 1st part of subclavian a.
Branches of 3rd part of axillary a.

Anastomosis around the scapula

Suprascular artery
Deep branch of transverse cervical artery

Branches of 1st part of subclavian a. (scapula)

Suprascapular artery

Branch of 1st part of subclavian a. distributed to supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

Deep branch of transverse cervical artery

Branch of 1st part of subclavian a. that goes down along medial border of scapula

Subscapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery

Branches of 3rd part of axillary a. (scapula)

Subscapular artery

Branch of 3rd part of axillary a. that goes down along lateral border of scapula

Circumflex scapular artery

Branch of 3rd part of axillary a. that arises from subscapular a. → infraspinous fossa

Clavicle

Bone that lies horizontally in the root of the neck

1st rib / R1

The clavicle covers what rib?

Transmit forces from upper limb to bones of axial skeleton
Act as strut holding arm free from trunk

Functions of clavicle

Manubrium and sternum

The sternal end of clavicle articulates with?

Acromion process of scapula

The acromial end of clavicle articulates with?

Subclavian artery & vein
Common carotid arteries

Brachiocephalic artery

Internal jugular vein

Important relations of clavicle

Humerus

Tubular long bone composed of upper end, shaft, and lower end

Anatomical neck

Neck of humerus separating the head from greater and lesser tuberosities

Surgical neck

Neck of humerus separating the head and greater and lesser tuberosities from the shaft

Greater tuberosity

Prominence on the head of humerus which projects posteriorly in rest position

Lesser tuberosity

Prominence on the head of humerus which projects anteriorly

Deltoid tuberosity

Prominence on the body of humerus

Medial epicondyle
Trochlea
Capitulum
Lateral epicondyle
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa

Anterior aspects of humerus

Medial epicondyle

Trochlea
Lateral epicondyle
Olecranon fossa

Posterior aspects of humerus

False

True or false: lateral epicondyle is larger and more prominent than medial epicondyle

Ulnar nerve

What nerve is carried by the medial epicondyle?

Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve

Innervations of humerus

Axillary nerve

Nerve that may be injured in fracture of surgical neck of humerus

Radial nerve

Nerve that may be injured in fracture of middle shaft of humerus

Ulnar nerve

Nerve that may be injured in fracture of lower medial epicondyle of humerus

Radius

Long bone consisting of thin narrow upper end body and thick expanded lower end

Capitulum of humerus

Superior surface of head of radius articulates with __ to form part of elbow joint

Radial notch of ulna

Circumference of head of radius articulates with __ to form radioulnar joint

Styloid process

Inferior end of radius laterally

Ulnar notch

Receives head of ulna to form inferior radioulnar joint

Lower end of radius

Articulates with 2 carpal bones to form wrist (radiocarpal jt)

Olecranon process

Ulnar upper part of trochlear fossa

Coronoid fossa

Ulnar lower part of trochlear fossa

Trochlear fossa

Large deeply concave articular surface which lies between olecranon and coronoid process (ulna)

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform

Proximal carpal bones

Trapezium
Trapezoid

Capitate
Hamate

Distal carpal bones

1st metacarpal bone

Trapezium articulates with?

2nd metacarpal bone

Trapezoid articulates with?

3rd metacarpal bone

Capitate articulates with?

4th and 5th metacarpal bones

Hamate articulates with?

Lower end of radius

Scaphoid and lunate articulate with?

Lower end of ulna

Triquetral articulates with?

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi

Muscles inserted into humerus

Scapula
Clavicle

Bones of shoulder girdle

Deltoid
Teres major
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis

6 muscles of shoulder regoin

Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis

Rotator cuff muscles

Scapula

Rotator cuff muscles arise from what bone?

C5-C6 nerves

Innervation of rotator cuff muscles

Biceps

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

Muscles of front of arm

Triceps

Muscles of back of arm

Biceps

Muscle from head of humerus → posterior part of tuberosity

Brachialis

Muscle from shaft of humerus → ulnar tuberosity

Radial nerve

Innervation of triceps muscle

Flexor-pronator group

Group of forearm muscles that flex the wrist and fingers and pronate forearm

Superficial flexor-pronator group

Flexor-pronator group that arises from front of medial epicondyle of humerus inserted into bones of hand

Pronator teres

Flexor carpiulnaris

Flexor carpiradialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor digitorum superficialis

5 superficial flexor-pronator group muscles

Pronator quadratus

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

3 deep flexor-pronator group muscles

Deep flexor-pronator group

Flexor-pronator group that arises from front of interosseous membrane & radius and ulna

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

Pronator muscles

Flexor carpiradialis

Flexor carpiulnaris

Palmaris longus

Wrist flexor muscles

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Finger flexor muscles

Flexor pollicis longus

Thumb flexor muscle

Extensor-supinator group

Group of forearm muscles that extend the wrist and fingers and supinate forearm

Superficial group of extensor-supinator group

Extensor-supinator group that arises from back of lateral epicondyle of humerus inserted into bones of hand

Brachioradialis

Anconeus muscle

Ext carpiradialis longus

Ext carpiradialis brevis

Ext carpiulnaris

Ext digitorum

Ext digiti minimi

7 superficial extensor-supinator group muscles

Supinator

Ext indicis

Abductor pollicis longus

Ext pollicis brevis

Ext pollicis longus

5 deep extensor-supinator group muscles

Supinator

Brachioradialis

Anconeus muscle

Supinator muscles of forearm

Ext carpiradialis longus

Ext carpiradialis brevis

Ext carpiulnaris

Wrist extensor muscles

Ext digitorum

Ext digitiminimi

Ext indicis

Finger extensor muscles

Abductor pollicis longus

Ext pollicis brevis

Ext pollicis longus

Thumb extensor muscles

Flexor retinaculum

Thick band made of dense white fibrous tissue which stretch across anterior surface of carpus bones in a carpus arch, changes arch to carpus tunnel

Extensor retinaculum

Thickening of deep fascia between lower ends of radius and ulna

Thenar
Hypothenar

Divisions of hand muscles

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponen pollicis muscle

Thenar muscles

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

Hypothenar muscles

Axillary vein

Drainage of cephalic vein

Subclavian vein

Drainage of axillary vein

Erb-duchenne palsy / waiter’s tip

Upper brachial plexus injury at C5-C6

C5-T1

Brachial plexus nerves

C1-C4

Cervical plexus nerves

Wrist drop

Deformity of radial nerve injury

Ape hand

Deformity of median nerve injury

Claw hand

Deformity of ulnar nerve injury

Scaphoid

Trapezium

Floor of anatomical snuffbox

Radial artery

Artery that crosses floor of anatomical sunffbox

Deltoid tuberosity

Insertion of deltoid muscle

Intertubercular groove

Insertion of lattisimus dorsi