Year10 - Medical Science

Cranium

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

clavicle

collar bone

Scapula

shoulder blade

Tibia

shin bone

Humerus

upper arm bone

Sternum

breastbone

Mandible

lower jaw bone

Quadriceps

a muscle group consisting of four muscles that is located along the front of the thigh

Synovial fluid

The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.

Cartilage

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

synovial membrane function

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

Antagonistic muscles

muscle pairs arranged to work against each other to move a joint

Blood composition

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Blood circulation

Movement of blood throughout the body

Red blood cells

carry oxygen

White blood cells

Fight infection and at as a defense system

Platelets

Clot blood when you get a cut

Veins

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Capillaries

Microscopic vessels through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body

Lungs

Main organs of the respiratory system

Trachea

windpipe

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

Alveoli

Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialised for the movement of gases between air and blood.

Look like grapes.

Bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

Bronchi

two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.

Oxygen

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

Carbon dioxide

A gas that is expelled from the body by the respiratory system.

Nutrients

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

Testes

produce sperm

Sperm

Male sex cell

Cervix

Entrance to the uterus

Holds the baby's head in place

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration without oxygen. This produces lactic acid and a small amount of energy.

Aerobic respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen.

Produces energy, water and carbon dioxide.

Urethra

Tube that carries urine and semen to the outside of the body

Epididymis

A long, coiled tube on the outside of the testes in which sperm are stored and mature.

Fallopian tubes

Tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilisation occurs

Ovary

Where eggs are produced

Egg Cells

Female sex cells

Fertilisation

Fusing of a male sex cell with a female sex cell.

Embryo

An organism in the earliest stage of development.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Heart attack symptoms

Chest pain, pain in one part of the body or upper chest, feelings of a tight band around the chest, may last 20 minutes and go away, nausea, sweats, redness in the face.

Heart attack causes

Fatty plaques (atherosclerosis), blood clot, heart beats too fast

Vena cava

A large vein in the body carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to be distributed by arteries to the rest of the body cells around the body.

4 chambers of the heart

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Blood composition

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Functions of blood

Transportation of nutrients, temperature regulation, protection against disease