Introduction to Psychology Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from an introductory psychology lecture.

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Empirical Approach

Uses a set of standards to conduct a study; emphasizes careful observation and scientifically based research.

Pseudo-psychology

Phony or unscientific psychology that pretends to be the real thing.

Psychiatry

A specialty in the medical field (holds MDs) with specialized training in the treatment of mental and behavioral problems.

Basic Research

Psychologists that study research to create a knowledge base (e.g., biological, developmental, cognitive psychologists).

Applied Research

Applying research gained to tackle practical problems (e.g., industrial/organizational psychologists).

Structuralism

Uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought; looking for the elements of conscious experience.

Introspection

The process of reporting one’s own conscious mental experiences.

Functionalism

A theory that emphasized the functions of consciousness and the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment.

Behaviorism

Objective science of psychology should only deal with observable events: stimuli from the environment and the organism’s response to that stimuli.

Gestalt Psychology

Focuses on how we experience the world; looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.

Humanism

Theoretical orientation that emphasizes unique qualities of humans, especially freedom/free-will & potential for personal/unique growth.

Cognitive View

Our actions are a direct result of the way we process information from our environment. Cognitions are thoughts, expectations, perceptions, memories and states of consciousness.

Socio-cultural View

Emphasizes the importance of social interaction, social learning and a cultural perspective.

Trait Theory

Behavior results from each person’s unique combination of traits. (Habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion.)

Biopsychosocial Approach

Integrates biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences.

Positive Psychology

Scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive; focuses on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness.

Eclectic Perspective

Using bits and pieces of several perspectives to best fit a particular situation.