PHAR1921 - pharmacy practice (treatments)

scabies

permethrin

head lice

benzyl alcohol (physical insecticide), pyrethrin (neurotoxic insecticide)

worms

benzimidazoles, pyrantel (safer)

eczema

emollients, moisturisers, antihistamines, corticosteroids

paracetamol

safe for pregnancy and breastfeeding, 4g max adult daily, children >1 month max 60mg/kg daily

ibuprofen

not for use with asthma or uncontrolled BP or coagulation disorders, caution in late term pregnancy, 2.4g daily adult max, children >3 months, NSAID, do not take with aspirin

intranasal decongestants

safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, do not use for more than 5 days, oxymetazoline

oral decongestants

caution and avoid in pregnancy, avoid in children <6 years

demulcents

useful in children under 6, protection of pharynx sensory receptors

opioid cough supressants

dry cough, dextromethorphan, safe in pregnancy, do not use in children <6 years

expectorants

chesty cough

mucolytics

promot expectoration, not recommended for COPD or bronchitis

naproxen

NSAID, 1.25 g max adult daily oral, period pain and migraines

diclofenac

NSAID, arthritis, 200 mg max daily adult oral, children > 1year

triptans

CI uncontrolled BP and history of MI, avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding, taken after aura and before headache, sumatriptan (imigran) safest, rizatriptan (rixalt) taken as wafer,

metoclopramide and paracetamol

anagraine, nausea and vomitting and headache

antacids

safe for pregnancy, mylanta

H2 antagonist

block cAMP production, reduce acid production Famotide

Proton Pump Inhibitors

stop PP, inhibit acid production, Nexium

stool softeners

softens faecal matter, 1-3 days onset, docusate

bulk forming laxatives

absorb water to increase bult and induce bowel reflex, 12 hours-3 days

stimulants

peristalsis in colon, 6-12 hours, senna

osmotics

glycerol, macrogol

opioid antidiarrhoeals

decrease motility, increase absorption, do not use in children, loperamide

oral rehydration salts

hydralyte,

dopamine antagonists

nausea and vomiting, metoclopramide

sedating antihistamines

promethazine, motion sickness, anticholinergic