Science membranes and Trasport

What is phospholipid bilayer

The fundamental structure of phospholipids creating the layer of cell membrane.

What is plasma membrane (cell membrane)?

a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds every cell, separating its internal contents from the outside environment

What is Solute

the one the is getting dissolved

What is Solvent

The one that does the dissolving

Solution

the mixture of the chemical reaction

Equilibrium

equally concentrated on both sides of the membrane 

Passive transport

• no extra energy needed

• high to low concentration gradient

• goes down the concentration gradient

Active Transport

• Energy (ATP)

• Moves from low to high concentration

• Goes against (up) the concentration

Function of Cell Membrane

• Provides protection for the cell by keeping harmful substances out and keeping harmful substance out

• transports molecules and ions into the cell and waste out the cell 1. ^Semiperimeable ^

Osmosis 

The simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane 

water moves down the concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

high to low concentration

Concentration

the amount of a substance (solute) within a specific volume of a mixture or solution

Concentration Gradient

the difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas

Endocytosis

Uses vesicles to move large particles into the cell (phagocytosis and Phinocytosis)

Phagocytosis 

cell “eating” 

engulfs solids 

Phinocytosis

cell “drinking”

engulfs liquids

Diffusion

The spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached.  Passive (O2 AND CO2)

Protein Pumps

Active, K+,Na+,Ca2+, Cl- Muscle contractions and nerve signal conduction

Facilitated Diffusion

a transport protein that helps facilitate the diffusion that can’t pass through the cell membrane

Tonicity

relative solute of a solutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

Hypertonic

water in solution is lower than cells cytoplasm ; cell shrivels; plants generating turgor pressure

Hypotonic

water in solution is higher than cells cytoplasm; cells swell

Isotonic

water in solution is equal amount as the cell cytoplasm; animals

What is this

Glycoprotein

What is this

Glycolipid

Important equation

C1*V1=C2*V2 (concentration swelling before*volume swelling before=concentration swelling after*volume swelling after)

Facilitated Diffusion substances transported in what way

glucose

Diffusion substances transported in what way

CO2 and O2

Osmosis substances transported in what way

water

Endocytosis substances transported in what way

captures bacteria

Exocytosis substances transported in what way

Neurotransmitters

What cannot pass through the plasma membrane with the help of transport proteins

ions and sodium

Plasma membrane is mainly made out of 

Proteins and phospholipid 

How does the molecules enter and leave the cell without the use of the cell’s energy

Molecullar Transport- Small molecules and ions are carried across the membranes by protiein

Bulk Transport- larger molecules and even solid clumps of material depending on size and shape

1. Endocytosis

2. exocytosis