IN-LAB WEEKLY QUIZ 01

a collection of information from week 1 + week 2 materials

EQUINE

scientific name for horse

FOAL

newborn horse

COLT

immature male horse

FILLY

immature female horse

STALLION

intact male horse

MARE

mature female horse

GELDING

castrated male horse

FOALING

term for horse giving birth

BOVINE

scientific name for cattle

CALF

newborn cattle

HEIFERS

sexually immature female cattle

BULL

intact male cattle

COW

mature female cattle

STEER

castrated male cattle

CALVING

term for cattle giving birth

SWINE

scientific name for pigs

PIGLETS

newborn pigs

GILTS

sexually immature female pigs

BOARS

intact male pigs

SOWS

mature female pigs

BARROWS

castrated male pigs

FARROWED

term for pigs giving birth

OVINE

scientific name for sheep

LAMBS

newborn sheeps

RAMS

intact male sheep

EWES

mature female sheep

LAMBING

term for sheep giving birth

CAPRINE

scientific name for goat

KIDS

newborn goats

BUCKLING

immature male goats

DOELING

immature female goats

BUCKS

intact male goats

DOES

mature female goats

WETHERS

castrated male goats and sheeps

KIDDING

term for goats giving birth

POULTRY

scientific name for chicken and turkey

CHICK

newborn chicken

COCKEREL

immature male chicken

PULLET

immature female chicken

ROOSTER

mature male chicken

HEN

mature female chicken and turkey

CAPON

castrated male chicken

POULT

newborn turkeys

JAKE

immature male turkeys

JENNY

immature female turkey

TOM

mature male turkey

FREEDOM FROM HUNGER + THIRST

by providing read access to fresh water + diet to maintain health + vigor

FREEDOM FROM DISCOMFORT

by providing an appropriate environment including shelter + a comfortable resting area

FREEDOM FROM PAIN / INJURY / DISEASE

by providing prevention/rapid diagnosis + treatment

FREEDOME TO EXPRESS NORMAL BEHAVIOUR

by providing sufficient space, proper facilities + a company of the animal’s own kind

FREEDOM FROM FEAR + DISTRESS

by ensuring conditions + treatments which avoid mental suffering

good practices to minimise transmission of zoonotic diseases

• wash hands after handling animals

• proper wearing + washing of PPE

• wearing gloves when interacting w/ animals bodily fluids

RING WORM CHARACTERISTICS

hairless +/ crusty circular areas on skin

diseases that can be transmitted by cattle +/ sheep → abortion in humans

• toxoplasmosis

• Q fever

• brucellosis

routes of transmission for Q fever

• reproductive tissues

• unpasteurised milk

SOREMOUTH

• characterised by → sores + scabs

• transmitted to humans via → direct contact

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

ZOONOSES

infections/infectious diseases that naturally transmit from vertebrate animals to humans

MRSA

a common bacterium in nature that can cause serious infections in humans + animals

MRSA → how to avoid it

avoid direct contact w/ an infected person/animal, their objects, and practise proper hygiene

TETANUS

• hosts → sheeps/horse

• spread via → saliva in an open wound (bite)

AVIAN INFLUENZA

• host → chicken

• spread via → open air + flies

ORF

• hosts → sheep/goats

• spread via → touching the infected animal directly

SWINE INFLUENZA

• hosts → pigs/horse/fowl

• spread via → breathing pathogens in

GASTOENTERITIS

• host → pigs

• spread via → ingestion

the IACUC oversees animals use in which situations?

• research

• testing

• teaching purposes

REPLACEMENT example

using a simulation rather than a live animal

REDUCTION example

latin square experiment designed to expose all 10 animals to all 4 treatments rather than 40 animals exposed to 1

REFINEMENT example

protocol includes lidocaine to mitigate pain during procedure

PERMANENT IDS

methods that can NOT be lost/removed

SEMI-PERMANENT IDS

designed to be long-term but have the potential to be lost/removed

TEMPORARY IDS

will not last more than a few days at most → easier to see from a distance

EAR TAGS

• cattle, sheep, goats

• plastic/metal tags inerted into the ear

BRANDING

external → can be seen from a distance

TATTOOS

require the animal to be restrained to read → located in ears

• upper lip for horses

FREEZE-BRANDING

can not be done on white/gray animals → hair grows back white

RFIDS/EIDS

more expensive → needs a reader, but allows producer to digitise info quickly

• paired with plastic ear tags

CHALK/PAINT

temporary IDs

Use for ID in animals

• allows for efficiency data collection

• medical records

• breeding records

• tracking/tracing products of animals