Albert Bandura

Plasticity

Humans' ability to learn from diverse behaviors.

Vicarious Learning

Learning by observing others' behaviors and outcomes.

Vicarious Reinforcement

Gaining reinforcement by watching others rewarded.

Triadic Reciprocal Model

Interaction of behavioral, environmental, and personal factors.

Agentic Perspective

Humans control their life quality and nature.

Self-Efficacy

Belief in one's ability to succeed.

Proxy Agency

Influencing others to achieve personal goals.

Collective Efficacy

Shared belief in group's ability to succeed.

Moral Agency

Regulating behavior in morally ambiguous situations.

Observational Learning

Learning through observing others' behaviors.

Modeling

Core process of observational learning and behavior imitation.

Attention

Focus on models influences learning effectiveness.

Representation

Symbolic memory of observed behaviors.

Verbal Coding

Using language to evaluate and rehearse behaviors.

Rehearsal

Practicing behaviors to enhance retention and performance.

Characteristics of a Model

Influences likelihood of observer learning behavior.

Characteristics of the Observer

Observer's traits affect learning from models.

Consequences of Behavior

Outcomes of modeled behavior impact learning likelihood.

Behavior Importance

Value placed on behavior affects acquisition likelihood.

Severe Punishment Observation

Viewing punishment can facilitate learning avoidance.

Behavioral Production

Converting cognitive representations into actual actions.

Cognitive Processes

Mental activities involved in learning and behavior.

Motivation

Desire to enact specific behaviors effectively.

Enactive Learning

Learning through evaluating consequences of actions.

Response Consequences

Effects of actions that guide future behavior.

Symbolic Representation

Imagining future outcomes to inform actions.

Triadic Reciprocal Causation

Interaction of environment, behavior, and person.

Cognition

Mental processes influencing behavior and environment.

Chance Encounter

Unplanned meeting influencing behavior and environment.

Fortuitous Event

Unexpected environmental experience affecting behavior.

Human Agency

Capacity to control and influence one's life.

Intentionality

Proactive commitment to achieving planned actions.

Forethought

Setting goals and anticipating outcomes of actions.

Self-reactiveness

Monitoring progress towards achieving personal goals.

Self-reflectiveness

Evaluating one's motivations and thought processes.

Behavior

Actions taken in response to environmental stimuli.

Person

Individual's cognitive factors influencing behavior.

Environmental Events

External factors that impact behavior and cognition.

Anticipatory Behavior

Acting based on expected future consequences.

Cognitive Capacities

Mental abilities used for planning and judgment.

Reinforcement of Behavior

Strengthening actions based on positive consequences.

Learning Efficiency

Improved learning through cognitive engagement.

Goal Specificity

Goals must be clear and achievable.

Self-efficacy

Belief in one's ability to achieve goals.

Reflective mechanism

Process of evaluating motivations and values.

Mastery experiences

Success increases self-efficacy; failure decreases it.

High self-efficacy

Leads to persistence and resilience in challenges.

Low self-efficacy

Results in apathy and resignation in difficult tasks.

Responsive environment

Supportive context enhancing self-efficacy outcomes.

Unresponsive environment

Lack of support leading to helplessness.

Social modeling

Observing peers affects personal self-efficacy levels.

Social persuasion

Influence of credible encouragement on self-efficacy.

Physiological stress

Physical conditions affecting self-efficacy perception.

Emotional arousal

Moderate emotions can enhance performance.

Failure impact

Failure affects efficacy based on effort and context.

Competency variation

Self-efficacy differs by required skills for tasks.

Peer comparison

Observing peers influences self-efficacy positively or negatively.

Credible source

Authority of persuader enhances efficacy of encouragement.

Task difficulty

Higher task difficulty correlates with self-efficacy levels.

Emotional distress

High distress can lower performance and efficacy.

Apathy

Lack of interest due to low self-efficacy.

Resiliency

Ability to recover from setbacks and failures.

Effort investment

Higher self-efficacy leads to greater effort.

Perceived competence

Belief in others' abilities affects personal self-efficacy.

Failure conditions

Context of failure influences its impact on efficacy.

Emotional arousal

Heightened state affecting task performance.

Simple tasks

Tasks that emotional arousal can enhance.

Complex activities

Tasks where emotional arousal may hinder performance.

Proxy agency

Relying on others to achieve goals.

Mentors

Individuals who assist in skill acquisition.

Personal efficacy

Individual's belief in their own capabilities.

Collective efficacy

Group's confidence in achieving shared goals.

Measurement techniques

Methods to assess collective efficacy in groups.

Individual evaluations

Assessing personal capabilities for group benefit.

Group confidence

Belief in group's ability to succeed.

Cultural differences

Variations in collective efficacy across societies.

Individualist cultures

Cultures favoring personal achievement and self-efficacy.

Collectivist cultures

Cultures emphasizing group success and collective efficacy.

Undermining factors

Elements that can weaken collective efficacy.

Self-regulation

Process of managing one's own behavior and goals.

Transitional world

Global interconnectivity affecting individual confidence.

Ozone depletion

Environmental issue impacting global collective efficacy.

Technological complexity

Advanced tech reducing personal and collective efficacy.

Bureaucratic structures

Complex systems hindering social change efforts.

Global problems

Large-scale issues causing feelings of powerlessness.

Goal discrepancies

Gaps between current achievements and aspirations.

Intrinsic rewards

Internal satisfaction derived from accomplishments.

Environmental support

External factors aiding self-regulation and motivation.

Incentives

Rewards contingent upon completing subgoals.

Self-Observation

Monitoring one's own performance and actions.

Judgmental Process

Evaluating actions based on personal goals.

Personal Standards

Self-evaluation without comparing to others.

Standard of Reference

Evaluating performance by comparing to others.

Overall Value

Importance placed on achieving specific goals.

Performance Attribution

Judging causes of behavior and success.

Self-Reaction

Responses to behaviors based on personal standards.

Self-Reinforcement

Rewarding oneself for achieving goals.

Self-Punishment

Consequences imposed on oneself for failures.

Moral Agency

Responsibility to avoid harm and help others.

Selective Activation

Self-regulatory influences only operate when activated.