Unit 1 Review

What caused the decline of the Aztecs?

A Spanish conquistador conquered the region resulting in warfare and widespread disease.

Where were the Incas located?

Andes Mountains modern-day southern Colombia to southern Chile

The earliest cultural hearths were almost completely determined by what?

their geographical locations

Chinampa

A floating garden on which the Aztec grew crops

What did the Sumerians use their writing system for?

to record information about goods they traded

Almost all cultural hearths were located near what?

river valleys/water sources

What provided Egypt with protection from outside invaders for thousands of years?

Desert climate

What 2 things did all cultural hearths have in common?

cultural diffusion and innovation

The Mayans, Aztec, and Inca were all

polytheistic

This was one of the largest cities in the Mayan civilization - had the most diverse population.

Chichen Itza

Epic of Gilgamesh

An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing - chronicled Sumerian myths and legends

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Why did the Aztecs have to build chinampas?

Because they settled on Lake Texcoco

The Columbian Exchange wiped out over \____ percent of the Native American population

ninety

The Triangular Trade route connected what 3 places?

Europe, Africa, & the Americas

Who arrived in the New World & began centuries of colonization and conquest between the eastern and western hemispheres?

Christopher Columbus

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

What caused the decline of the Mayans?

unknown

Fertile Crescent

A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Cultural Hearth

Locations on Earth's surface where specific cultures first arose.

Effects of the Columbian Exchange

disease in the New World, new animal introduced, slave trade, new crops introduced

Ziggurat

spiritual temples built by Sumerians

Cuneiform

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

civilization

A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes

Empire

land with different territories and peoples under a single rule

Mesopotamia

"land between the rivers"

Neolithic Revolution

The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle

culture

Beliefs, customs, arts, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Mesopotamia

"land between the rivers" - home of many early civilizations. Located in present day Iraq

primary source

an account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event

city-state

A sovereign state which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life

afterlife

life after death

government

the governing body of a nation, state, or community.

social class

a division of a society based on social and economic status

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

polytheistic

Belief in many gods

civilization

the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced

secondary source

Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event

proselytize

to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause

public works

projects built (& funded) by the government for public use

cultural hearth

Locations on Earth's surface where specific cultures first arose.

agrarian

related to farming/cultivation of land

monotheistic

Belief in one god

economy

the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services

nomadic

wandering, moving about from place to place

What early civilization was located at the area in blue?

Aztecs

What early civilization was located at the area marked in green?

Inca

What early civilization was located at the area in red?

Mayans

movement

How and why are places connected with one another? - What theme of geography is this referring to?

region

How is one area similar to another? - What theme of geography is this referring to?

human/environment interaction

What is the relationship between humans & their environment? - What theme of geography is this referring to?

place

What's it like there? - What theme of geography is this referring to?

location

Where is it located? - What theme of geography is this referring to?

primary source

interview with person you are writing about

primary source

music from the time period

primary source

artifacts from that time

secondary source

song about the topic

primary source

diaries or journals

secondary source

biographies

secondary source

encyclopedia

secondary source

textbooks

Neolithic Revolution

a set of dramatic changes in how people lived based on agriculture and domestication of animals

Which description of GOVERNMENT is correct?

Meeting the needs of the people through leadership

Which description of PUBLIC WORKS is correct?

Projects that benefit the people

Which description of RELIGION is correct?

Set of beliefs regarding a higher power

Which description of JOB SPECIALIZATION is correct?

Becoming really good at one specific task

Which description of SOCIAL CLASSES is correct?

Organization of people into a hierarchy

Which description of WRITING is correct?

The only way we know civilizations existed

Which description of ART AND ARCHITECTURE is correct?

Expression of values through design

What is another name for the Neolithic Revolution?

Agricultural Revolution

Farming allowed people to do which of the following?

Store surplus food

What development during the Neolithic Age allowed people to develop new types of jobs?

Having a stable food supply

What is specialization of labor?

When people are able to do different jobs, because there is enough food

Which of the following is NOT an early cultural hearth that we studied?

West African

What is the acronym that we came up with for the 7 traits of civilizations?

CPR SWAG

Location of the Inca

Andes Mountains

Location of Ancient Egypt

Along the Nile River (Egypt/Sudan)

Location of the Aztec

Lake Texcoco - Central Mexico

Location of the Mayans

Yucatan Peninsula

Location of Ancient Sumer

Mesopotamia - present day Iraq

Almost all early civilizations developed near \_____ .

water

What does Mesopotamia mean?

Between two Rivers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a civilization

culture

Sumerian society was orgainized in \_____ which consisted of a city and the surrounding lands.

city-states

an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with outside staircases and a shrine at the top

ziggurat

Who was at the top of the social heirarchy for the Sumerians?

Kings

Tigres and Euphrates Rivers

Two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia

ziggurat

a tall pyramid-shaped building where Sumerians performed religious ceremonies

What is the name of the holy book for Christianity?

Bible

Mummification

process to preserve a human body by embalming it and wrapping it up in cloth. Taught Egyptians about medicine, how to deal with bones and treat wounds.

What is the goal of a Buddhist ?

enlightenment/release from suffering

Which is the name of the Muslim house of worship?

Mosque

How many times a day is a Muslim to pray?

5

Who is the founder of Judaism?

Abraham

Which religion has the most followers world wide ?

Christianity

Which of the following does not worship a specific god?

Buddhism

The Arabic word for God is

Allah

Which religion uses the 10 Commandments as a law code?

Christianity and Judaism