Selection 1. Post-War America: The Dawn of a New Era A1

What global pandemic struck in 1918-1919 and killed 20 million worldwide?

The Spanish flu.

Where did one of the earliest Spanish flu outbreaks occur?

At a military training camp in Manhattan, Kansas.

How many Americans died from the Spanish flu?

Nearly 700,000 Americans

How many American soldiers were killed in World War I?

About 50,300.

What major battle caused over half of U.S. WWI combat deaths?

The Meuse-Argonne Offensive.

What slogan helped Woodrow Wilson win re-election in 1916?

"He Kept Us Out of War."

What incident pressured Wilson to join WWI?

The sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram.

What were Wilson's Fourteen Points?

A peace plan promoting self-determination, free trade, open diplomacy, and the League of Nations.

What was Wilson's most important point?

Creation of the League of Nations.

Who were the other two members of the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference?

Georges Clemenceau (France) and David Lloyd George (Britain).

What treaty officially ended World War I?

The Treaty of Versailles.

What did Article X of the League's Charter do?

Required members to defend each other's territorial integrity and independence.

What was the U.S. Senate's concern about Article X?

It could drag the U.S. into foreign wars and limit national sovereignty.

Who led Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles?

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.

What were "Reservationists"?

Senators who would only support the treaty with certain amendments.

Who were "Irreconcilables"?

Senators who opposed the treaty and League under any condition.

What physical event weakened Wilson during this period?

He suffered a massive stroke in October 1919.

Who effectively took over duties during Wilson's illness?

First Lady Edith Wilson.

Why did the Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and again in 1920?

Wilson refused to accept Lodge's amendments, and many senators opposed the League.

What happened to the League of Nations after U.S. rejection?

It was formed without U.S. membership and lacked power and effectiveness.

What amendment later addressed presidential disability?

The 25th Amendment (ratified in 1967).

Which future president revived Wilsonian internationalism during WWII?

Franklin D. Roosevelt.

What international body succeeded the League of Nations in 1945?

The United Nations.

Where is the headquarters of the United Nations located?

New York City.