Lab 10: Gymnosperms

opposite, scale-like foliage, small globous seed cones with 6-10 scales

Atlantic white-cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides, Cupressaceae

plume shaped leaves, alternate, enclosed wrinkly rounded cones

bald-cypress, Taxodium distichum, Cupressaceae

opposite, feathery

dawn redwood, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cupressaceae

wax covered cones that look like berries, opposite

eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana, Cupressaceae

small cones with 4 fertile scales, crushed foliage aromatic

northern white-cedar/arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis, Cupressaceae

ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgoaceae

bundles of 5 per fascicle, curved banana shaped cone, limbs borne in whorls (1 per year), soft pine (white)

eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, Pinaceae

bundles of 3 per fascicle, “gnarly tree”, twisted needles, serotinous cone with rigid prickle on umbo, hard pine (yellow)

pitch pine, Pinus rigida, Pinaceae

bundles of 3 or 2 per fascicle, egg shaped cones, apophysis reddish brown contrasts with darker scale color, hard pine (yellow)

shortleaf pine, Pinus echinata, Pinaceae

bundles of 2 per fascicle, usually twisted needles, “unkempt. looking”, sharp umbo, hard pine (red)

Virginia pine, Pinus virginiana, Pinaceae

petiolate needles grow all around the branch, buds at end of branch are conical, cones grow downward and have lil seed wings that stick out

Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinaceae

flat needles, woody pegs have 2 pale stomata lines underneath

eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, Pinaceae

soft, flat, round-needles that do not roll in fingers, 2 white lines on underside of each needle, cones borne upright, needle base resembles suction cup,

fir, Abies sp., Pinaceae

deciduous needles, cylindrical needle growth pattern, female cones borne upward

larch, Larix sp., Pinaceae

4-sided needles roll in your fingers, sharp, grow all around the branch, woody peg

spruce, Picea sp., Pinaceae

flat needles, pale green or white bands underneath, red fleshy aril

yew, Taxus sp., Taxaceae