GI Pharmacology Terms & Definitions | Wagner College Study Set

What is the most effective acid inhibitor for the treatment of Peptic Ulcers

Proton Pump inhibitors (PPIs)

What can long term usage of PPIs cause?

Hypomagnesemia

What does the risk of increase with long term use of PPIs?

Osteoporosis

What can cimetidine (H2 blocker) cause in elderly men?

gynecomastia

When is PPI the drug of choice in which there are severe ulcers resulting from gastrin-secreting tumors?

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

What do you give when a patient cannot tolerate PPIs or H2 blockers?

Sucralfate

What Peptic ulcer disease medication is contraindicated in pregnancy?

Misoprostol

What aminosalicylate used for IBD inhibits migration of inflammatory cells in basal wall?

Mesalamine

What biologic used in IBD lowers GI tract inflammation?

Vedolizumab

What is used to treat GERD, diabetic gastroparesis, and intractable hiccups?

Metoclopramide

Who is metoclopramide contraindicated in?

Patients with seizures, mechanical obstruction of the GI tract, GI hemorrhage, or pheochromocytoma

What kind of laxative is psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid?

Bulk-forming

What must psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid be taken with?

Full glass of water

What laxative do you use in fecal material that is dry/hard or passage of feces is painful/irritating?

Docusate sodium

What laxative do you use in hemorrhoids?

Docusate sodium

What is given to evacuate the bowels in a patient scheduled for surgery or a diagnositc exam?

Sodium phosphate

What laxative should renal-impaired patients avoid due to their inability to excrete it?

Sodium phosphate

What is lactulose used for?

chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy

What antidiarrheal drug has the greatest ratio of intestinal smooth muscle activity to CNS

Diphenoxylate and loperamide (most commonly used)

What antidiarrheal is used in IBS with diarrhea?

Eluxadoline

What antidiarrheal is used for infectious diarrhea?

Bismuth subsalicylate

Why was Tegaserod pulled from the market?

Increase in angina, MI, CV

What are the indications for lupiprostone?

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)

What is the most common side effect of linaclotide?

Diarrhea

When do you prescribe Alosetron for IBS-D?

Symptoms lasting for 6 months

What are the adverse effects of Alosetron?

Ischemic colitis

Whois Crofelemer indicated for?

patients who are on HIV/AIDs antiretroviral drugs and have infectious diarrhea

What drug reduces the number of N/V episodes in patients getting treated with cisplatin?

Ondansetron

What is the adverse effect of ondansetron?

Anaphylactoid reactions

What drug is given to prevent post-op vomiting?

Dolasetron

What are the adverse effects of Dolsetron?

QT interval prolongation which can cause torsades des pointes

What drug prevents N/V associated with radiation?

Granisetron

How long can palonosetron prevent N/V after chemo?

seven days

What is given when other antiemetics have failed?

Dronabinol

What does Dronabinol do for AIDS patients?

Stimulate appetite in anorexic patients

What is promethazine indicated for?

N/V induced by medications, anestheitcs, neurologic + psychogenic + GI stimuli

What can be given for morning sickness in pregnancy?

Doxylamine with Pyridoxine

What can be given for motion sickness?

Scopolamine

What is a common adverse effect of scopolamine?

Dry mouth

What class of laxatives is called stool softeners?

Surfactant

What can saline laxatives lead to?

Fluid and electrolyte loss

What kind of laxative is bisacodyl?

Stimulant

What are the two NK1 receptor antagonists used to prevent acute and delayed N/V during chemo?

Aprepitant and rolapiptant