UCF PCB 3703 Lab Exam 2

Tricuspid area of auscultation

5th right intercostal space

Mitral valve area of auscultation

5th left intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Primary pulmonic area of auscultation

2nd left intercostal space

Aortic area of auscultation

2nd right intercostal space, sternal border

P-wave

atrial depolarization

QRS complex

ventricular depolarization

Does the QRS complex represent atrial repolarization?

No

T-wave

ventricular repolarization

Systole

semilunar open Av closed

Diastole

semilunar closed Av open

Systole top or bottom

top

diastole top or bottom

bottom

Stroke volume equation

SV = EDV - ESV

duration of systole

0.3 seconds

duration of diastole?

0.5 seconds

Range of normal BP

<120 and <80

Range of elevated BP

120-129 and <80

range of stage 1 hypertension

130-139 or 80-89

range of stage 2 hypertension

140+ or 90+

Hypertensive crisis

180+ and/or 120+

Atrial flutter

saw tooth, Multiple P waves

Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)

Irregular QRS distance, no distinguishable P waves

V tach

wide QRS complex, P waves blend with Q

V fib

cardiac arrest, CPR and defibrillation, lack of identifiable waves

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

Hematopoiesis can form where

BONE MARROW, liver, thymus and spleen

myeloid stem cells give rise to what (4)

erythroblasts, megakaryoblasts, myeloblasts, monoblasts

Erythroblasts give rise to what?

erythrocytes (RBCs)

Megakaryoblasts give rise to what?

Megakaryocytes then thrombocytes (platelets)

Myeloblasts give rise to what?

basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils

monoblasts give rise to what?

monocytes

Lymphatic stem cells give rise to what?

lymphoblasts (B and T)

B lymphocytes are processed where?

Bone marrow

T lymphocytes are processed where?

thymus

Functions of blood

transport, thermoregulation and protection

plasma percentage

55%

Formed elements of blood

45%

what maes up formed elements of blood?

Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets

Albumin

maintains osmotic pressure

Globulin Alpha anf beta

transport lipid and fat soluble vitamins

Globulin gamma

antibodies produced by lymphocytes

Fibrinogen

essential for hemostasis (clotting)

Plasma consists of:

90% water and 10% solutes

what are the solutes in plasma?

proteins, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, HCO), blood gases (O and CO2), nutrients (glucose, amino acids and lipids), enzymes, waste products (urea) and hormones

neutrophils

stains the same with basic and acidic

Eosinophils

stains with acidic

basophils

stain with basic dye

monocytes

An agranular leukocyte, phagocytotic, largest leukocyte

lymphocytes

smallest leukocyte

Universal donor

O-

Universal recipient

AB+

Pernicious anemia

B12 deficiency

Sickle cell anemia

change in shape of erythrocytes

aplastic anemia

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

hemorrhagic anemia

anemia due to mass blood loss

iron deficency anemia

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

CBC

basic assessment, hematocrit, hemoglobin, cont'n RBC leukocytes and platelets

CBC w/ diff

more in depth CBC, helps determine type of infection: bacterial, viral, fungal

CMP

provides info about metabolism

Full lipid panel

cardiac risk assessment HDL+LDL+1/5 triglycerides

The pericardium is a

serous membrane enclosing the heart

the portion of the heart wall that dominates it's volume and provides the propulsion of blood is called the

myocardium

as blood flows through the heart it mus pass through the ___ before entering the right ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Heart chamber with the thickest wall

left ventricle

the dominant tissue of the heart can be distinguished from other tissues under the microscope by the presence of ______

Intercalated disks between cells

The string like structures attaching the AV valves to papillary muscles are called what?

Chordae tendineae

The right atrium does not receive blood from the what?

Pulmonary trunk

the heart chamber that receives blood from the left artium is the ___

left ventricle

the heart structure dividing the two ventricles is called what?

interventricular septum

The portion of the heart conduction system that starts each heartbeat is what?

SA node

On an ECG ventricular depolarization which precedes ventricular systole is recorded as the______

P wave

a common goal among fitness experts and athletes is

bradycardia

Auscultation is an effective method to _____

listen to heart function

An ECG provides a record of ____

heart voltage changes over time

Heart rate can be measured accurately by _____

An ECG and measuring between P waves

T/F: Blood is 45% plasma and 55% formed elements?

False, switch percentages

Which leukocyte is not a phagocyte?

lymphocytes

what is the most abundant cell type?

erythrocytes

Acid/base? Eosinophils

acidic stains

acid/base? basophils

Basic stains

Acid/base? Neutrophils

equal in acidic and basic stains

which blood cells are enucleated

erythrocytes

which leukocyte promotes inflammation

basophil

T/F: leukosytes in leukemia are always immature

False

Neutrophils attach what types of diseases/infections

Bacterial, inflammatory

Eosinophils attack what?

Parasitic infections (by engulfing them)

Basophils attack?

allergies, leukemia

Lymphocytes attack?

Bacterial, viral, fungal, and leukemia

Monocytes attack?

Bacterial, viral, fungal, and leukemia

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils