Study for developmental biology Lab exam

How many types of RNA are found in the cell and name them

There's three mRNA (messenger RNA) this carries a message to the ribosome to be translated then tRNA brings the correct amino acids for protein synthesis to occur, this protein sequence is built by rRNA in the ribosome

What are the functions of the different RNA's

• Protein synthesis

• MRNA carries the messages

• TRNA brings amino acids to ribosome

• rRNA helps to build amino acid sequence in the correct order to create a protein

After its transcription , the immature mRNA (pre -mRNA) is modified in several ways before its considered to be a mature mRNA describe them modifications

• Capping ( 5’ cap added ) helps protect the mRNAand attach to ribosome

• Adding (poly-A-tail) helps stabilize mRNA leave the nucleus

• Splicing introns are taken out and exons are joined together

Where would you typically find large bands in gel electrophoresis

Large bands are typically found at the top of gel electriophesis as they move slower through the band then smaller bands

What are the RNA bands and which may not be visible

25s, 18s and 5s and 5s may not be visible

What happens to the concentration when absorbency increases

The concentration is directly proportional to absorbency so if absorbency increase so does concentration

What's nucleaic acid max absorberence

280nm

What are limitations of RNA gel electrophoresis

It is time consuming

What are the start codons and stop codons

Start codons ATG stop codons are TAA TAG TGA

What is the most abundant plasma protein in mammals, where is it found and exported, and what ere its physiological functions.

albumin

What's oligonucleotide primers

versatile molecular tools used in PCR.

What are exon and introns

intros are the junk part of the DNA sequence and exons are the coding part of the DNA

How do primers work.

primers are short DNA sequence that bind to a specific target sequence on DNA they provide a starting point for DNA polymerase

What is agarose gel separate molecules by, and what is it in rna/dna

Their charge RNA and DNA are negative

What is the primary reason for using rt-pcr in this module a) it amplifies genomic DNA templates b) it detects gene expression at the protein level c) it is straightforward quick economical and sensitive for detecting mRNA d) it requires large amounts of DNA

it is straightforward quick economical and sensitive for detecting mRNA

What is the purpose of using depc-treated water when working with RNA? A) too enhance RNA amplification b) to introduce Rnases into the sample c) to inhibit rnases activity d) to precipitate DNA

to precipitate DNA

What’s the purpose of phenol in the first experiment

phenol is used to denature proteins and separate them from nucleic acid.