Immigration and Urbanization in America Chapter 15 history

Old Immigrant

Came from Western Europe before late 1800s.

New Immigrant

Arrived from Europe, Asia, Caribbean, Mexico, 1880-1920.

Birds of Passage

Temporary workers seeking short-term jobs.

Religious Persecution

Jews fleeing Russian pogroms during the 19th century.

Population Growth

Increased demand for farmland and industrial jobs.

Chinese Immigration

300,000 Chinese arrived for labor in various sectors.

Japanese Immigration

Worked on Hawaiian plantations, then moved to West Coast.

West Indies Immigration

260,000 immigrants sought industrial jobs in the U.S.

Mexican Immigration

700,000 Mexicans arrived post-1910 due to political turmoil.

National Reclamation Act

Created farmland, attracting Mexican farmers to U.S.

Ellis Island

Immigration station processing 17 million from 1892-1924.

Angel Island

San Francisco station with harsh questioning for immigrants.

Ethnic Communities

Groups formed to preserve cultural values and identity.

Melting Pot

Concept of cultural blending in the U.S.

Nativism

Favoritism towards native-born Americans over immigrants.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law banning most Chinese immigration.

Gentlemen's Agreement

Japan limited emigration in exchange for school desegregation.

Urbanization

Rapid growth of cities due to immigration and jobs.

Tenements

Overcrowded, unsanitary multifamily urban dwellings.

Social Gospel Movement

Promoted salvation through service to the poor.

Settlement Houses

Provided housing, classes, and services for immigrants.

Jane Addams

Founded Hull House, a prominent settlement house.

Urban Problems

Issues included housing, sanitation, crime, and fire hazards.