Depth Perception and Visual Cues

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to depth perception and visual cues, aiding in understanding the concepts discussed in the lecture.

Frontal Eyes

Eyes that are positioned at the front of the head, providing binocular vision and depth perception, primarily found in predators.

Lateral Eyes

Eyes that are positioned on the sides of the head, providing a wider field of view, primarily found in prey animals.

Pictorial Cues

Monocular depth cues used to perceive depth in two-dimensional images.

Occlusion

A pictorial cue where one object partially covers another, indicating that the covered object is farther away.

Relative Height

A pictorial cue where objects closer to the horizon appear to be farther away.

Relative Size

A pictorial cue indicating that smaller objects of the same type are perceived as being farther away.

Texture Gradient

A pictorial cue where textures become denser and finer as distance increases.

Cast Shadows

Shadows that provide depth information regarding the positions of objects relative to one another.

Familiar Size

A pictorial cue that allows perception of distance based on known sizes of objects.

Aerial Perspective

A depth cue where distant objects appear hazier and bluer due to the scattering of light by atmospheric particles.

Linear Perspective

A depth cue where parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.

Motion Parallax

A depth cue where nearby objects move faster across the retina than distant objects when the observer moves.

Deletion and Accretion

Changes in visibility of objects where they become covered (deletion) or uncovered (accretion) as the observer moves.

Triangulation Cues

Depth cues obtained from active movements of the head to determine the position of objects.

Convergence

The inward movement of the eyes to focus on a nearby object, providing depth information.

Accommodation

The adjustment of the lens shape in the eye to focus on objects at different distances.

Binocular Disparity

The slight difference in images seen by each eye, which the brain processes to calculate depth.

Stereopsis

The perception of depth derived from binocular disparity.

Stereoscope

A device that presents two slightly different images to each eye to create the illusion of depth.

Corresponding Retinal Points

Points on both retinas that receive light from the same location in the visual field.

Horopter

An imaginary curved line where objects project onto corresponding retinal points, appearing at the same depth.

Noncorresponding (Disparate) Points

Retinal points that do not match up between eyes, creating binocular disparity.

Angle of Disparity

The difference in image locations between the two retinas.

Random Dot Stereogram

A stereogram made entirely of random dots, demonstrating depth perception without recognizable objects.

Veridical Perception

The accurate perception of the world as it truly is.

Illusion

A misinterpretation of sensory information.

Muller-Lyer Illusion

An illusion where two equal-length lines appear different due to arrow-like fins. It explores theories of size constancy and conflicting cues.

Ponzo Illusion

An illusion where two equal lines overlaid on converging railroad tracks appear different in size.

Zollner Illusion

An illusion where parallel lines appear slanted due to intersecting short lines.

Hering Illusion

An illusion where straight lines appear curved due to background lines radiating outward.

Ebbinghaus Illusion

An illusion where a central circle appears larger or smaller depending on the size of surrounding circles.

Ames Room

A distorted room that creates size discrepancies in perceived objects based on misapplied perspective cues.

Moon Illusion

The phenomenon where the moon appears larger when near the horizon than when overhead due to distance perception theories.

Angular Size-Contrast Theory

A theory suggesting the moon appears smaller in the open sky due to contrast with the vastness of the scene.