ATP

what is the definition of energy?

the ability to do work

what are 6 examples of processes that require energy?

• movement

• maintaining constant body temp

• active transport

• anabolic processes

• bioluminescence

• secretion

how is ATP used and made in plants?

1. light energy converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis

2. the chemical energy from photosynthesis in form of organic molecules is converted to ATP

3. ATP is used by cells as the energy source to perform useful work

what is the main role of ATP?

short term energy store of the cell

what is ATP often called and why?

the energy currency because it picks up energy from food in respiration and passes it on to power of cell processes

what are the 3 parts that ATP is made up of?

• adenine (a base)

• ribose (pentose sugar)

• 3 phosphate groups

what are the 5 main properties of ATP?

• small

• water soluble

• contains bond between phosphates with intermediate energy

• realseases energy in small quantities

• easily regenerated

why is it important that ATP is small?

easy to move in and out of cellsw

why is it important that ATP is water soluble?

processes requiring energy happen in aqueous solutions

why is it important that ATP contains a bond between phosphates with intermediate energy?

large enough to be useful in cellular reactions, not too large that energy is wasted as heat

why is it important that ATP realses energy in small quantities?

no energy is wasted and only what is needed for cellular reactions is used

why is it important that ATP can be easily regenerated?

can be recharged with energy

what are the four advantages of ATP?

• instant source of energy

• realses energy in small amounts as needed

• it is mobile and transports chemical energy

  • universal energy carrier

how is respiration useful in terms of making ATP?

provides the energy required for the condensation reaction turning ADP to ATP, which comes from glucose

what is the enzyme used to catalyse a hydrolysis reaction of ATP → ADP

ATPase

How does ATP release energy?

3 phosphate groups are joined together by 2 high energy bonds and ATP can be hydrolysed to break the bond, realsing high amounts of energy with it

how many ATP molecules would a metabollically active cells require per second?

up to 2 million ATP molecules

what can ADP further hydrolysed to?

ADP to AMP

how can AMP and ADP converted back into ATP?

by adding phosphate molecules

what is phosphorylation?

Adding phosphate molecules to ADP and AMP to produce ATP

what is an endergonic process?

energy is used in the reaction

what is an exergonic reaction?

energy is being released in the reaction

what type of reaction is phosphorylation: endergonic or exergonic?

endergonic

what type of reaction is hydrolysis: endergonic or exergonic?

exergonic