Physics Ch. 1

What is an unrelated relationship?

Two items that are NOT associated.

What is a directly related relationship?

When one variable increases, the other variable also increases.

What happens to one variable when two variables are directly related?

If one increases, the other increases; if one decreases, the other decreases.

What does a direct relationship look like on a graph?

As X increases, Y increases.

What does "related" or "proportional" mean?

Two items are associated or affiliated, but the specific relationship is not defined.

What is an inversely related relationship?

When one variable increases, the other variable decreases.

What happens to one variable when two variables are inversely related?

If one increases, the other decreases.

What does an inverse relationship look like on a graph?

As X increases, Y decreases.

What is a reciprocal relationship?

A special type of inverse relationship in which two numbers multiply together to equal one.

What is the reciprocal of 5?

1/5.

What is the reciprocal of 2?

1/2.

What is the reciprocal of 10?

1/10.

What is the difference between direct and inverse relationships?

Direct: both variables change in the same direction. Inverse: the variables change in opposite directions.

How are board exam scores related to study time?

Directly related.

How is weight related to time spent exercising?

Inversely related.

What is a unit?

A measurement that gives meaning to a numerical value.

Why does a numerical value need a unit?

Without a unit, the number is ambiguous or incomplete.

What are units of length?

Examples include centimeters (cm) and feet (ft).

What are units of area?

Examples include square centimeters (cm²) and square feet (ft²).

What are units of volume?

Examples include cubic centimeters (cm³) and cubic feet (ft³).

Is percent a unit?

No.

What does "increase by a factor of 5" mean?

Multiply by 5.

What does "decrease by a factor of 5" mean?

Divide by 5.

If 6 is increased by a factor of 3, what is the answer?

18.

If 6 is decreased by a factor of 2, what is the answer?

3.

What is scientific notation used for?

To represent very large or very small numbers in a shorter form.

What is the first rule of scientific notation?

Shift the decimal so the resulting number is between 1 and 10.

What is the second rule of scientific notation?

Multiply by the appropriate power of 10.

How do you determine the exponent in scientific notation?

Count how many places the decimal point moves.

What happens to the exponent when the decimal moves to the left?

The exponent is positive.

What happens to the exponent when the decimal moves to the right?

The exponent is negative.

What does a positive exponent represent?

A number greater than 10.

What does a negative exponent represent?

A number less than 1.

What does an exponent of zero represent?

A number between 1 and 10.

How is 1,000,000 written in scientific notation?

1.0 × 10⁶.

How is 0.000000124 written in scientific notation?

1.24 × 10⁻⁷.

How is 1742 written in scientific notation?

1.742 × 10³.

What is the metric system based on?

Powers of 10.

What mnemonic can help remember the metric system order?

Great Mighty King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk Many Nights.

What is the symbol for giga?

G.

What does giga mean?

Billion; 10⁹.

What is the symbol for mega?

M.

What does mega mean?

Million; 10⁶.

What is the symbol for kilo?

k.

What does kilo mean?

Thousand; 10³.

What is the symbol for hecto?

h.

What does hecto mean?

Hundred; 10².

What is the symbol for deca?

da.

What does deca mean?

Ten; 10¹.

What is the symbol for deci?

d.

What does deci mean?

Tenth; 10⁻¹.

What is the symbol for centi?

c.

What does centi mean?

Hundredth; 10⁻².

What is the symbol for milli?

m.

What does milli mean?

Thousandth; 10⁻³.

What is the symbol for micro?

μ.

What does micro mean?

Millionth; 10⁻⁶.

What is the symbol for nano?

n.

What does nano mean?

Billionth; 10⁻⁹.

What is 10⁻⁶ as a decimal?

0.000001.

What metric prefix corresponds to 10⁻⁶?

Micro (μ).

What does macro mean?

Bigger.

What does micro mean?

Smaller.

What are complementary metric units?

Metric prefixes that can be thought of as corresponding pairs, such as giga/nano and mega/micro.