nat 5 history - the great war

Trench Warfare

A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other, characteristic of World War I.

Western Front

The main theatre of war during World War I, stretching from the North Sea to Switzerland.

Barbed Wire

Wire with sharp points used as a defensive barrier in trenches.

Communication Trenches

Trenches used to transport men, equipment, and supplies from the rear to the front lines.

Chlorine Gas

A toxic gas used for the first time in battle during World War I that caused severe respiratory damage.

Battle of Loos

A significant battle in September 1915 where the British army first used poison gas as a weapon.

Shell Shock

A term used during World War I to describe the psychological trauma suffered by soldiers.

Suffragists

Members of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) who campaigned peacefully for women's voting rights.

Suffragettes

Members of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) who campaigned for women’s suffrage using more militant tactics.

Conscientious Objectors

Individuals who refused to serve in the military on the grounds of freedom of thought, belief, or conscience.

Defence of the Realm Act (DORA)

A law enacted in 1914 in Britain that granted the government extensive powers to control the population during the war.

Rent Strikes

Protests organized by tenants to resist increases in rent during wartime.

Bloody Friday - Battle of George Square

A violent confrontation between workers and police in Glasgow during the post-war period.

Forty Hours Movement

A campaign by workers to reduce the workweek from 54 hours to 40 hours.

Munitions of War Act

A law passed in 1915 to prevent munitions workers from leaving their jobs without permission.

The Shell Scandal

A political crisis in 1915 resulting from the inadequate supply of artillery shells to British forces.

The Representation of the People Act 1918

Legislation that granted voting rights to women over the age of 30 and all men over the age of 21.

Labour Party

A major political party in Britain, which gained significant support in Scotland during the post-war period.

Emigration

The act of leaving one's country to settle in another, prevalent in Scotland following World War I.

Clyde Workers' Committee (CWC)

An organization of workers formed to represent their interests and campaign for better working conditions.

Black Watch

A famous Scottish regiment that participated in many battles during World War I.

Red Clydeside

A period of social unrest and political radicalism in Glasgow during and after World War I.

Trench Conditions

Trench conditions during World War I were often harsh, with soldiers facing mud, diseases, pests, and exposure to the elements.

Casualties of the Battle of Loos

The Battle of Loos in 1915 resulted in approximately 21,000 British casualties, with around 7,000 Scots killed.

Casualties of the Battle of the Somme

The Battle of the Somme in 1916 led to over 1 million casualties, with about 420,000 British soldiers killed.

Suffragists' Tactics

Suffragists used peaceful methods such as petitions, demonstrations, and lobbying to advocate for women's voting rights.

Suffragettes' Tactics

Suffragettes employed militant methods, including protests, hunger strikes, and civil disobedience to demand women's suffrage.

Technology Used in WWI

World War I saw advancements in technology, including tanks, airplanes, machine guns, and poison gas.

Examples of DORA Laws

Examples of laws under DORA include censorship of the press, control of fuel and food production, and restrictions on public gatherings.

Impacts of the War on Women and the Vote

The war led to greater involvement of women in the workforce and contributed to the eventual granting of voting rights to women.

Events of Red Clydeside

Red Clydeside was marked by strikes and protests for workers' rights, and notably the demand for an eight-hour working day.

Bloody Friday Events

Bloody Friday was marked by violent clashes between police and workers protesting against wages and working conditions in Glasgow.

Rise of the Labour Party

The Labour Party gained support during the post-war period, positioning itself as a representative of the working class.

Fall of the Liberal Party

The Liberal Party’s influence declined after WWI due to internal divisions and competition from the newly popular Labour Party.

Conscription in WWI in Britain

Conscription was introduced in Britain in 1916, requiring men of certain ages to join the military.

Exemption from Service in WWI

Exemptions were granted for vital skilled workers or those in reserved occupations, such as doctors and miners.

Threat to Britain's Food Supplies in WWI

Britain faced food supply threats from U-Boat blockades that hindered imports of food and materials.

Rationing in Britain during WWI

Rationing was implemented in Britain to manage food shortages, limiting the amount of food each person could buy.

Fishing in WWI Scotland

Fishing in Scotland was affected by the war, with increased demands for fish as a food source and restrictions due to naval blockades.

Changing Role of Women in WWI

During World War I, women's roles expanded significantly as they took on jobs traditionally held by men, contributing to the workforce in factories, farms, and fields.

Attitudes to Working Women in WWI

Initially, women working in roles traditionally occupied by men faced resistance and prejudice, but attitudes shifted as their contributions became vital to the war effort.

Impact on Jute Industry in Scotland during WWI

The jute industry in Scotland saw an increase in demand for sandbags and other materials, leading to more job opportunities but also challenges due to labor shortages.

Farming in WWI Britain

Farming in Britain was affected by World War I as men left for military service; women and older workers took over agricultural roles, increasing food production efforts.