Science Chemisty

this element is present in any biological tissues and glows in the dark

phosphorus

a metal that is a liquid also known as quicksilver

Mercury

who is Henry Moseley

English physicist, arrange the elements in order of increasing atomic number number of protons

what Democritus propose around 400 BCE

Adams are of different sizes, and constant motion, separated by empty spaces

what did Aristotle say

Aristotle rejected the idea of the atom. he supported an earlier theory that all matter is made up of four basic substances: earth water air and fire.

what was the gold foil experiment

when Rutherford shot positively charged particles at a thin gold foil in 1909, most of them passed through it unchanged but a small number of them were deflected off at large angles

who hypothesized that matter is conserved during a chemical reaction

John Dalton

compound

pure substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically joined

How do you represent elements?

By their symbols

Matter and Elements

All matter is made up of elements, either singly or in combination.

Element

Is a pure substance that can't be broken down, either physically or chemically, into a simpler substance.

who criticized ultimate and promoted it to the modern science of what based on what

Robert boyle, chemistry, experimentation

without this element you're anemic

iron 0

molecule

made up of two or more atoms of the same or different elements join together chemically

what does the chemical formula tell us

the different elements from which it's made and the number of atoms of each that combined to make one molecule of a compound

this gas is commonly used for electric store signs

neon

this element is considered the element of life

carbon

smallest unit of an element

atom

what is carbon after tremendous heat and pressure turned into

diamond

what are most elements on Earth locked together in

chemical compounds

what did Chinese alchemist want to find

elixir of life

what did the European alchemist want to find

wealth

iron with 1% carbon forms this substance

steel

what is the law of octaves

in the mid-19th century John Newman's grouped elements in order of increasing weight and noticed that every 8th element appear to have semical chemical properties

who is Dimitri Mendeleev

Russian chemist, credited with first discovering the periodic table of elements, arrange the known elements in vertical columns by increasing atomic mass and noticed patterns in their properties. from this arrangement he could predict properties of elements which had not yet been discovered

this metal is used for light bulb filaments because it can withstand very high temperatures but it is hard to spend into thin wires

tungsten

this gas is used to feel light bulbs to make the filaments last longer

argon

this element helps to cure manic depression by mimicking sodium

lithium

what can all elements be classified as

metal, nonmetal or metalloid

manic depression is caused by an imbalance between two elements that help to transmit nerve impulses

sodium and potassium

what are metals

get conductors of electricity, shiny, solids at room temperature except mercury, malleable and ductile

what are nonmetals

not shiny, poor conductors of feet and electricity, brittle and non-ductile, some are gases and some are solids at room temperature. bromine is only one that is liquid

what are periods

horizontal rows, and have elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

what are alkali metals

very reactive with water and air

what are alkaline earth metals

poisonous and extremely reactive with nonmetals, readily combine with oxygen to form metal oxides

what are groups

columns with elements containing similar chemical properties

what are halogens

salt former, readily combined with metals to form salts

the only element that can form very long stable chains

carbon

where are these in the staircase

metals are on the left, nonmetals to the right

what are noble gases

unreactive and chemically inert

what are rare earth metals

the elements in the annex at the bottom of the table. lanthanides are the top row and actinides are the bottom row

what is the billiard ball model

proposed by John Dalton in 1807, it states that all matters made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms, all atoms of an element are identical, and atoms of a different elements are different, and that atoms are rearranged to form you substances in chemical reactions but are never created or destroyed

what is the meaning of the word atom

cannot be cut

what are transition metals

elements in the region from the third to 12th columns, hard dense metals, less reactive than group 1 and 2

what are metalloids

elements that exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties

what did Rutherford discover

discover the proton in 1920, a positively charged particle found in the atom's nucleus

what did Thompson discover

in 1897 Thompson discovered that extremely small negatively charged particles could be emitted by very hot materials. these particles were eventually called electrons

who discovered the electron

JJ Thomson

who theorized that an atom is mostly empty space

Democritus and Rutherford

who did the gold foil experiment proving evidence of the nucleus in an atom

Rutherford

what did Thompson say about the atom

Thompson theorized that atoms contain negatively charged electrons, and since they're neutral, the rest of the atom is a positively charged sphere, and that negatively charged electrons are evenly distributed throughout the atom. this can be visualized by calling it the chocolate chip muffin model

who hypothesized that all matter is made up of indivisible atoms

John Dalton

who organized elements in the periodic table according to their properties and atomic numbers

Dimitri Mendeleev

what does Rutherford's revised model of the atom

center of the atom has a positive charge called the nucleus. it has most of the atoms' mass but occupies a very small space. and most of the item is empty space

what was the billiard ball model unable to explain

why some objects attract or repel each other

who discovered the proton

Ernest Rutherford

who predicted the properties of elements unknown at his time

Dimitri Mendeleev

who claimed that all matter is made from Earth water air and fire

Aristotle

who's theorized that each electron orbit can hold the maximum number of electrons

Niels Bohr

what are the three types of subatomic particles atoms are made up of

protons, neutrons, electrons

who demonstrated that the nucleus of an atom contains most of its mass and its positively charged

Ernest Rutherford

whose idea was it that the atom was a positively charged sphere, with electrons evenly distributed through it, like the raisins and the plum pudding

JJ Thomson

who hypothesized that all atoms of an element are identical

John Dalton

what's the symbol for electron

e-

what's the relative mass and charge of neutrons

1 and no charge

who hypothesized that atoms of different elements are different

John Dalton

what is the relative mass in charge of electrons

almost 0 and negative

who demonstrated that electrons move around to the nucleus in fixed orbits

Niels Bohr

who theorized the indivisible atom

Democritus

how are the charges of protons and electrons similar and different

protons and electrons have equal, but opposite charges

what is the relative mass and charge of a proton

1 and positive

what's the symbol for neutron

n0

what's the core of the atom called

the nucleus

what is the symbol for proton

p+

what does the nucleus contain

protons and neutrons

where's most of the mass found in the atom

nucleus

when is an atom neutral

when it has an equal amount of protons and electrons

can an atom lose or gain protons

no

can an atom lose or gain electrons

yes

when an atom loses or gains electrons what is it called

a charged atom is called an ion

how do you write an atomic symbol

mass number at the top, atomic number at the bottom, charge on the right

what is atomic number

number of protons, identifies elements

what is mass number

total number of protons and neutrons

what's an isotope

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

in what are orbiting electrons found in

energy levels or shells

how many electrons can each shell hold

2, 8, 8, 18 and so on

what are all the electrons in the inner shells called

core electrons

what are all the electrons in the outer shells called

valence electrons

which electrons do the chemical bonding

valence electrons