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this element is present in any biological tissues and glows in the dark
phosphorus
a metal that is a liquid also known as quicksilver
Mercury
who is Henry Moseley
English physicist, arrange the elements in order of increasing atomic number number of protons
what Democritus propose around 400 BCE
Adams are of different sizes, and constant motion, separated by empty spaces
what did Aristotle say
Aristotle rejected the idea of the atom. he supported an earlier theory that all matter is made up of four basic substances: earth water air and fire.
what was the gold foil experiment
when Rutherford shot positively charged particles at a thin gold foil in 1909, most of them passed through it unchanged but a small number of them were deflected off at large angles
who hypothesized that matter is conserved during a chemical reaction
John Dalton
compound
pure substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically joined
How do you represent elements?
By their symbols
Matter and Elements
All matter is made up of elements, either singly or in combination.
Element
Is a pure substance that can't be broken down, either physically or chemically, into a simpler substance.
who criticized ultimate and promoted it to the modern science of what based on what
Robert boyle, chemistry, experimentation
without this element you're anemic
iron 0
molecule
made up of two or more atoms of the same or different elements join together chemically
what does the chemical formula tell us
the different elements from which it's made and the number of atoms of each that combined to make one molecule of a compound
this gas is commonly used for electric store signs
neon
this element is considered the element of life
carbon
smallest unit of an element
atom
what is carbon after tremendous heat and pressure turned into
diamond
what are most elements on Earth locked together in
chemical compounds
what did Chinese alchemist want to find
elixir of life
what did the European alchemist want to find
wealth
iron with 1% carbon forms this substance
steel
what is the law of octaves
in the mid-19th century John Newman's grouped elements in order of increasing weight and noticed that every 8th element appear to have semical chemical properties
who is Dimitri Mendeleev
Russian chemist, credited with first discovering the periodic table of elements, arrange the known elements in vertical columns by increasing atomic mass and noticed patterns in their properties. from this arrangement he could predict properties of elements which had not yet been discovered
this metal is used for light bulb filaments because it can withstand very high temperatures but it is hard to spend into thin wires
tungsten
this gas is used to feel light bulbs to make the filaments last longer
argon
this element helps to cure manic depression by mimicking sodium
lithium
what can all elements be classified as
metal, nonmetal or metalloid
manic depression is caused by an imbalance between two elements that help to transmit nerve impulses
sodium and potassium
what are metals
get conductors of electricity, shiny, solids at room temperature except mercury, malleable and ductile
what are nonmetals
not shiny, poor conductors of feet and electricity, brittle and non-ductile, some are gases and some are solids at room temperature. bromine is only one that is liquid
what are periods
horizontal rows, and have elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
what are alkali metals
very reactive with water and air
what are alkaline earth metals
poisonous and extremely reactive with nonmetals, readily combine with oxygen to form metal oxides
what are groups
columns with elements containing similar chemical properties
what are halogens
salt former, readily combined with metals to form salts
the only element that can form very long stable chains
carbon
where are these in the staircase
metals are on the left, nonmetals to the right
what are noble gases
unreactive and chemically inert
what are rare earth metals
the elements in the annex at the bottom of the table. lanthanides are the top row and actinides are the bottom row
what is the billiard ball model
proposed by John Dalton in 1807, it states that all matters made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms, all atoms of an element are identical, and atoms of a different elements are different, and that atoms are rearranged to form you substances in chemical reactions but are never created or destroyed
what is the meaning of the word atom
cannot be cut
what are transition metals
elements in the region from the third to 12th columns, hard dense metals, less reactive than group 1 and 2
what are metalloids
elements that exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties
what did Rutherford discover
discover the proton in 1920, a positively charged particle found in the atom's nucleus
what did Thompson discover
in 1897 Thompson discovered that extremely small negatively charged particles could be emitted by very hot materials. these particles were eventually called electrons
who discovered the electron
JJ Thomson
who theorized that an atom is mostly empty space
Democritus and Rutherford
who did the gold foil experiment proving evidence of the nucleus in an atom
Rutherford
what did Thompson say about the atom
Thompson theorized that atoms contain negatively charged electrons, and since they're neutral, the rest of the atom is a positively charged sphere, and that negatively charged electrons are evenly distributed throughout the atom. this can be visualized by calling it the chocolate chip muffin model
who hypothesized that all matter is made up of indivisible atoms
John Dalton
who organized elements in the periodic table according to their properties and atomic numbers
Dimitri Mendeleev
what does Rutherford's revised model of the atom
center of the atom has a positive charge called the nucleus. it has most of the atoms' mass but occupies a very small space. and most of the item is empty space
what was the billiard ball model unable to explain
why some objects attract or repel each other
who discovered the proton
Ernest Rutherford
who predicted the properties of elements unknown at his time
Dimitri Mendeleev
who claimed that all matter is made from Earth water air and fire
Aristotle
who's theorized that each electron orbit can hold the maximum number of electrons
Niels Bohr
what are the three types of subatomic particles atoms are made up of
protons, neutrons, electrons
who demonstrated that the nucleus of an atom contains most of its mass and its positively charged
Ernest Rutherford
whose idea was it that the atom was a positively charged sphere, with electrons evenly distributed through it, like the raisins and the plum pudding
JJ Thomson
who hypothesized that all atoms of an element are identical
John Dalton
what's the symbol for electron
e-
what's the relative mass and charge of neutrons
1 and no charge
who hypothesized that atoms of different elements are different
John Dalton
what is the relative mass in charge of electrons
almost 0 and negative
who demonstrated that electrons move around to the nucleus in fixed orbits
Niels Bohr
who theorized the indivisible atom
Democritus
how are the charges of protons and electrons similar and different
protons and electrons have equal, but opposite charges
what is the relative mass and charge of a proton
1 and positive
what's the symbol for neutron
n0
what's the core of the atom called
the nucleus
what is the symbol for proton
p+
what does the nucleus contain
protons and neutrons
where's most of the mass found in the atom
nucleus
when is an atom neutral
when it has an equal amount of protons and electrons
can an atom lose or gain protons
no
can an atom lose or gain electrons
yes
when an atom loses or gains electrons what is it called
a charged atom is called an ion
how do you write an atomic symbol
mass number at the top, atomic number at the bottom, charge on the right
what is atomic number
number of protons, identifies elements
what is mass number
total number of protons and neutrons
what's an isotope
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
in what are orbiting electrons found in
energy levels or shells
how many electrons can each shell hold
2, 8, 8, 18 and so on
what are all the electrons in the inner shells called
core electrons
what are all the electrons in the outer shells called
valence electrons
which electrons do the chemical bonding
valence electrons
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