A103 Exam 3

Canine Terminology

• intact female…BITCH

• intact male…STUD DOG

• delivery/birth…WHELPING

Canine Terminology

• intact female

• intact male

• delivery/birth

Canine Development

1. neonatal…0 - 10 DAYS

2. infant…11 DAYS - 3 WEEKS

   1. socialization…3 - 12 WEEKS

   2. fear…8 - 12 WEEKS

3. juvenile…12 WEEKS - PUBERTY

4. adolescent…PUBERTY TO SOCIAL MATURITY

Canine Development

1. n__

2. i__

   1. s__

   2. f__

3. j__

4. a__

1. Canine Development - Neonatal Period

• age…0 - 10 DAYS

• eyelids and external ear canals are CLOSED

• 4 things to look for in pup after birth

  1. strong suckle

  2. raise head

  3. slide along

  4. vocalize

• altricial…BORN IN UNDEVELOPED STATE

  • dependent of mom for 3 things

    1. food

    2. thermoregulation

    3. stimulation to urinate/defecate

1. Canine Development - Neonatal Period

• age

• eyelids and external ear canals are __

• 4 things to look for in pup after birth

• altricial

  • dependent of mom for 3 things

2. Canine Development - Infant Period

• age…11 DAYS - 3 WEEKS

• puppies develop VISION/HEARING and move a lot

  • provide a COMPLEX environment to allow for optimal development of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and desensitization to “FRIGHTENING” STIMULI

• what to look for at:

  • 10 - 16 days…EYELIDS OPEN

    • full sight by…4 - 8 WEEKS

  • 12 - 14 days…EXTERNAL EAR CANALS OPEN

    • full hearing by…3 - 6 WEEKS

  • 14 - 21 days…WALK & URINATE/DEFECATE SPONTANEOUSLY

  • 14 days…1ST DEWORMING

2. Canine Development - Infant Period

• age

• puppies develop __/__ and move a lot

  • provide a __ environment to allow for optimal development of the __ and desensitization to __

• what to look for at:

  • 10 - 16 days

  • 12 - 14 days

    • full sight by

  • 14 - 21 days

    • full hearing by

  • 14 days

A. Canine Development - Socialization Period

• age…3 - 12 WEEKS

• expose puppies to ALL situations they are likely to encounter during life and begin VACCINATIONS

• what to look for at:

  • 3 - 6 weeks…BABY TEETH ERUPT

  • 4 - 6 weeks…TESTES DESCEND (if not at birth)

  • 6 - 8 weeks…ADULT POSTURES & MOVEMENTS

    • first vet visit with VACCINATIONS

    • WEAN (keep w/ litter until 8 - 10 WEEKS, if possible)

  • 6 - 12 weeks…SOCIALIZATION W/ PEOPLE

    • learn BITING inhibition

• basic training…SIT, STAY, DOWN, COME, CRATE TRAINING, LEASH WALK, ETC.

• house training…OUTSIDE AT RIGHT TIMES, SAME PLACE, POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

  • regression in training progress NORMAL

• A. Canine Development - Socialization Period

• age

• expose puppies to __ situations they are likely to encounter during life and begin __

• what to look for at:

  • 3 - 6 weeks

  • 4 - 6 weeks

  • 6 - 8 weeks

    • first vet visit with __

    • __ (keep w/ litter until __ weeks, if possible)

  • 6 - 12 weeks

    • learn __ inhibition

• basic training

• house training

  • regression in training progress __

B. Canine Development - Fear Period

• age…8 - 12 WEEKS

• occurs during the SOCIALIZATION period (3 - 12 weeks)

• period when pups develop TRAUMATIC RESPONSES

• traumatic experiences may make a puppy FEARFUL, ANXIOUS, or NEUROTIC

• training should be THOUGHTFUL

• B. Canine Development - Fear Period

• age

• occurs during the __ period (3 - 12 weeks)

• period when pups develop __

• these experiences may make a puppy __

• training should be __

3. Canine Development - Juvenile Period

1. age…4 MONTHS - PUBERTY (6 - 14 months)

2. RAPID physical development

3. INCREASED independence

4. CONTINUED training

5. fear periods (lasting 3 weeks)

1. 3. Canine Development - Juvenile Period

1. age

2. __ physical development

3. __ independence

4. __ training

5. fear periods (lasting __ weeks)

4. Canine Adolescent Period

• age…PUBERTY to SCOIAL MATURITY

• degree of social maturity VARIES BY breed

• 4. Canine Adolescent Period

• age

• degree of social maturity __ breed

Deworming Puppies

• MOST, NOT ALL, puppies are born with worms

  • even if pups are born 100% worm-free, they are AT RISK once born

• FREQUENT deworming of puppies is often recommended

  • deworming at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age ± monthly until 6 months

• worm pathogeny cycle

  • dog ingests TOXOCARA larva/egg or dog ingests TRANSPORT host

  • infected dog passes egg in FECES, MILK, and IN UTERO

  • egg is passed in DOG FECES

  • larva (inside egg) develops in the ENVIRONMENT

• Deworming Puppies

• __ puppies are born with worms

  • even if pups are born 100% worm-free, they are __ once born

• __ deworming of puppies is often recommended

  • deworming at __, __, __, and __ weeks of age ± xmonthly until __ months

• worm pathogeny cycle

  • dog ingests __ larva/egg or dog ingests __ host

  • infected dog passes egg in __, __, and __

  • egg is passed in __

  • larva (inside egg) develops in __

Canine Castrations & Ovariohysterectomies

• castration = NEUTER (removal of TESTES)

• ovariohysterectomy = SPAY

  • 2 commonly used acronyms

    1. OHE

    2. OVH

Timing of Spay and Neuter

Canine Castrations & Ovariohysterectomies

• castration = __ (removal of __)

• ovariohysterectomy = __

  • 2 commonly used acronyms

Benefits of Ovariohysterectomies

• no unplanned PREGNANCIES

• no ESTRUS behavior

• decreased risk of UTERINE dz

• decreased risk of OVARIAN dz

• decreased risk of MAMMARY tumors

  • intact females have 4× greater risk of benign and malignant tumors in dogs than spayed females

Risk of Ovariohysterectomies

• SURGICAL risk

• ANESTHETIC risk

• urinary INCONTINENCE (3%)

  • lack of muscle control results in UNCONTROLLED urinating

  • treat with LIFETIME estrogen supplements

• weight GAIN

• permanent

Benefits of Ovariohysterectomies

• no unplanned __

• no __ behavior

• decreased risk of u__ dz

• decreased risk of o__ dz

• decreased risk of __ tumors

  • intact females have __ times greater risk of benign and malignant tumors in dogs than spayed females

Risk of Ovariohysterectomies

• s__ risk

• a__ risk

• urinary __ (3%)

  • lack of muscle control results in __ urinating

  • treat with __ estrogen supplements

• weight __

• permanent