AP Modern World History - Chapter 14

Where geographically did Islam arise?

Southwest Asia:Middle East - The Arabian Peninsula

Who is Muhammad?

The founder of Islam: 570 C.E.

What was Muhammad's early life like?

1. Merchant Family in Mecca 2. Parents died when he was 6

How did the Bedouin peoples organize themselves?

Clan groups: Close Knit Families

Who are the Bedouin peoples?

Nomadic peoples from Arabian Peninsula

Why was the Arabian Peninsula important economically?

Center of Trade Networks: Goods arrived in Persian Gulf

Where Arabs polytheistic or monotheistic?

Mostly Polytheistic: Many Gods and Demons

After interacting with the Christians and Jews, what did the Arabs convert to?

To Monotheistic: Belief in one God

What happened to Muhammad in 610 C.E.?

Muhammad experiences visions of Allah

Who delivered Allah's Messages?

Arch Angel Gabriel

What did Allah want Muhammad to do?

Wanted Muhammad to be prophet - To spread message

What were Allah's messages?

1. Allah is only God - Others are fake 2. Followers rewarded with Salvation 3. Don't follow = Sent to Hell

What happened to Muhammad in 620 C.E.?

Muhammad starts to spread messages to family, friends, and citizens in Mecca.

What is the Qur'an?

Qur'an = Holy book of Islam

Who created the Quran?

Muhammads followers in 650 C.E.

What does the Quran say?

1. Allah is the only God 2. Believe: Rewarded with Salvation 3. Dont Believe = Punished: Sent to Hell

What is the first pillar of Islam?

Declaration of faith: Acknowledge Allah as only god, Muhammad as only prophet.

What is the second pillar of Islam?

Obligatory prayer: Muslims must pray to Allah daily while facing Mecca

What is the third pillar of Islam?

Compulsory giving: Muslims must contribute alms or money to help the unfortunate

What is the fourth pillar of Islam?

Fasting month of Ramadan: They must fast during the daylight hours of the month of Ramadan

What is the fifth pillar of Islam?

Pilgrimage to Mecca: Those who are physically and financially able, must undertake the hajj - a pilgrimage to Mecca

Who did Muhammad come into conflict with in Mecca?

1. Ruling Elites - Reason = Cultural 2. Muhammad = Monotheism, Elites = Polytheism

What is the Hijra?

Migration from Mecca to Medina

What is the Umma?

"Community of the faithful" - Muhammads community

What did Muhammad do for the Umma?

1. Established Social, Legal Code 2. Led Religion 3. Head of Military

What happened in 630 C.E.

Muhammad and umma attack and conquer Mecca

After conquering Mecca, what did Muhammad do?

1. Forced Elites to Convert to Islam 2. Destroyed Shrines of Other Gods - Replaced with Mosques of Allah

What happened in 632 C.E.?

Muhammad goes on the first hajj and visits the Ka'ba

What is jihad?

Jihad = "Struggle" - Unofficial 6th Pillar

What did individuals do for jihad?

1. Combat Evil 2. Spread Islam, Seek Converts 3. Physical Struggle - Wage War on Non-believers

What is the Sharia?

Islamic Holy Law

What did the Sharia offer guidance on?

Laws - Proper Behavior, A. Marriage B. Family C. Slavery D. Business

What is one similarity between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity?

All are Monotheistic - Belief in one God

After Muhammads death, what divided the umma?

Disagreements over the succession of Muhammad.

Who is Abu Bakr?

first caliph and loyal friend to Muhammad