What is life? and Process of Science

In cells, the flow of information is from …….. to ……… to ………. .

DNA, RNA, Protein

An emergent property is a characteristic that is present at a level of organization, but not at ________ levels.

a. lower
b. higher

a. lower

Which of the following lists is in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

 

cell - tissue - population - community

molecule - organelle - organ system - tissue

cell - organelle - tissue - organ system

molecule - atom - cell - organ

cell - tissue - population - community

Which of the following lists is in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

 

atom - organ - tissue - cell

atom - macromolecule - tissue - cell

molecule - organelle - cell - tissue

molecule - atom - tissue - organ

molecule - organelle - cell - tissue

All of the following are shared by all cells EXCEPT

 

a nucleus

DNA

ribosomes

a cell membrane

a nucleus

Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells are distinguished from prokaryotic cells by the presence of:

 

a cell membrane

a nucleus

molecules of DNA

the presence of ATP

a nucleus

Prokaryotic MEANS how many cellular?

Unicellular and have no nucleus

Select ALL of the groups that are prokaryotic.

 

Animals

Plants

Protists

Archaea

Fungi

Bacteria

Archaea
Bacteria

what kind of cells do not have nucleus

prokaryotic

What is the best definition of evolution?

 

acquisition of new traits according to what an organism needs to survive in their environment

survival of the fittest

change in populations over time due to inherited differences

progression from simpler forms of life to more complex forms of life

change in populations over time due to inherited differences

Which molecule is used by cells to do work?

 

ATP

Proteins

DNA

Carbon dioxide

ATP

All cells are enclosed within a plasma membrane. What is the plasma membrane primarily composed of?

 

ATP

phospholipids

DNA

proteins

phospholipids

Which of the following do viruses LACK?

 

proteins

cell membrane

ribosomes

a genome

cell membrane
ribosomes

When penicillin was first introduced, most bacteria died when exposed to this antibiotic. Now, a large proportion of bacteria are resistant to penicillin. This is an example of:

 

metabolism

homeostasis

response to stimuli

evolution

evolution

Homeostasis is best defined as:

 

change in populations over time due to inherited differences

responding to environmental stimuli

replication of the cell's genome

regulation of the internal environment

conversion of organic molecules to ATP

regulation of the internal environment

A group of cells working together to accomplish a certain function is a ______________________.

 

organelle

organ system

macromolecule

tissue

tissue

The ________________ is the basic unit of life, in terms of both structure and function.

 

molecule

cell

organelle

population

atom

cell

Which type of biomolecule is most important for maintaining homeostasis?

 

lipid

protein

DNA

carbohydrate

ATP

protein

All cells are enclosed within a plasma membrane. What is the plasma membrane primarily composed of?

 

DNA

phospholipids

proteins

ATP

phospholipids

Select ALL of the groups that are eukaryotic.

 

Archaea

Protists

Plants

Animals

Bacteria

Fungi

Protists

Plants

Animals

Fungi

Prokaryotes, like all other cells, have a nucleus.

 

True

False

False

Select the three Domains of life.

 

Protista

Animalia

Fungi

Plantae

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukarya

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukarya

Each of the following is one of the three Domains of life, except ________________________.

 

Domain Prokarya

Domain Archaea

Domain Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

Domain Prokarya

When conducting a scientific experiment, which of the following is changed or manipulated by the scientist(s)?

 

variable

control

hypothesis

placebo

the results

variable

If you want to test a particular variable, you should try to keep all of the other variables the same (as much as possible) for both the control group and the experimental group.

True

False

True

A logical statement that can be made based on evidence that one has gathered is called a(n) __________________________.

 

fact

scientific theory

scientific law

inference

inference

A group of scientists wish to test a new drug that may reduce LDL cholesterol. They initiate phase 1 trials in mice. Each mouse is fed an identical diet, allowed the same amount of exercise, and given either 0, 5mg, 10mg, or 20mg of the drug daily. After 2 weeks, they draw blood and test for LDL cholesterol levels.
 
Which of these is the independent variable?

the amount of exercise the mouse are allowed

the dose of the drug

the LDL cholesterol levels

the amount of food given to the mice

the dose of the drug

You hypothesize that playing music to your houseplants will result in a greater rate of growth. You plant 20 bean seeds and expose them to the same amount of sunlight, water, and fertilizer. You play music to 10 of the 20 plants, then measure growth after a month. After a month, the rate of growth between the two groups is identical.
 
Which of the following is the independent variable?

 

growth

music

water

fertilizer

music

A scientist is trying to determine whether different colors of light produce more or less plant growth than regular sunlight. She starts four cultures of plants and grows them either under regular sunlight, blue light, yellow light, or red light.

Which group(s) is/are the experimental group? Select all that apply.

 

regular sunlight

red light

yellow light

blue light

red light

yellow light

blue light

You wish to determine whether creatine and/or fish oil improve muscular recovery. You sort a population of volunteers into four groups. One receives creatine, one receives fish oil, one receives both creatine and fish oil, and one receives a placebo that contains neither creatine nor fish oil. All four groups then perform a series of exercises and muscle recovery is assessed the following day.
 
Which group(s) is/are the experimental group(s)? Select all that apply

 

the group receiving a placebo

the group receiving fish oil

the group receiving both creatine and fish oil

the group receiving creatine

the group receiving fish oil

the group receiving both creatine and fish oil

the group receiving creatine

An idea in science that is narrow in scope, is reasonable and testable, and serves as a potential explanation for an observed natural phenomenon is known as a(n) _________.

 

fact

theory

hypothesis

law

hypothesis

An idea in science that is broad in scope, is supported by overwhelming evidence obtained by repeated experimentation, is potentially falsifiable, and allows us to make predictions with consistent accuracy across a broad area of scientific inquiry is known as a(n) _________.

 

theory

hypothesis

speculation

law

fact

theory

Mice of different genetic backgrounds were allowed to eat as much as they wanted. The table summarizes the amount of food consumed per day.

Which genetic background had the largest effect on food consumption compared to wild type?

genetic background	food consumed
wild type	4 g/day
leptin mutation	5 g/day
ghrelin mutation	3.5 g/day
adiponectin mutation	4.5 g/day
double leptin-ghrelin mutation	4 g/day

 

double leptin-ghrelin mutation

ghrelin mutation

adiponectin mutation

leptin mutation

leptin mutation

A group of scientists tested a drug for melanoma cancer patients at various doses and compared it to a placebo group that did not receive the drug. Survival at 5 years was measured. Based on the graph, what is the appropriate conclusion?

 

the drug improved 5-year survival

the drug decreased 5-year survival

the drug improved 5-year survival, but only at the highest dose

the drug did not improve 5-year survival

the drug did not improve 5-year survival

A bacterium is an example of a(n): (select all that apply)

 

macromolecule

organism

population

cell

organism

cell

What are the function(s) of the cell membrane? (select ALL that apply)

 

to mediate communication with the environment and other cells

to store genetic information

to control what enters/exits the cell

to separate the cell from the rest of the universe

to convert organic molecules to ATP

to provide the energy for most cellular work

to mediate communication with the environment and other cells
to control what enters/exits the cell

to separate the cell from the rest of the universe

You wish to test the effect of salinity on planarian regeneration. You start multiple cultures of planarians in water with different salt concentrations, cut the worms in half, and observe how quickly they regenerate. You feed the worms an identical diet, and make the cuts in the same place on each worm.

Salt Concentration	Time until complete regeneration
100 ppm	16 days
500 ppm	14 days
1000 ppm	18 days

 Which is the dependent variable?

 

salt concentration

the location of the cut on the worms' bodies

diet

time until complete regeneration

time until complete regeneration

A group of physicians is testing the efficacy of a new drug, called Lyfitor, for pain control. Patients with chronic pain are enrolled in a study and assigned to take a pill that contains either 200mg Lyfitor, 400mg Lyfitor, 800mg Lyfitor or 200mg sugar.

Classify each group as an example of a control group or an experimental group.

200mg Lyfitor - experimental group

400mg Lyfitor - experimental group

800mg Lyfitor - experimental group

200mg sugar - control group