medchem lecture 3
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play
Podcast1/53
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
54 Terms
What are the two major mTOR complexes?
mTORC1 and mTORC2
What proteins are in mTORC1 and mTORC2?
mTORC1 contains raptor and mTORC2 contains rictor
What is the main function of mTORC1?
Promotes cell growth and protein synthesis
What activates mTORC1?
Insulin nutrients amino acids and growth factors
What are the three major effects of mTOR signaling?
Activates S6K increases protein synthesis and inhibits catabolism
What normally blocks translation by binding eIF4E?
4E binding proteins or 4E BPs
How does mTORC1 increase translation?
Phosphorylates 4E BP causing release of eIF4E so translation can begin
What is rapamycin?
A major inhibitor of mTOR
How does rapamycin work?
Binds FKBP12 and inhibits mTOR signaling
Why is rapamycin immunosuppressive?
Blocks IL 2 mediated T cell proliferation
Why is rapamycin used in coronary artery stents?
Prevents restenosis by inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation
How is sustained mTOR activation related to type 2 diabetes?
Contributes to insulin resistance
What does AMPK stand for?
AMP activated protein kinase
What is the main role of AMPK?
Acts as the cell’s energy sensor and restores ATP during low energy states
When is AMPK activated?
When AMP is high and ATP is low
What does AMPK do during low energy states?
Activates catabolic pathways and inhibits anabolic pathways
What is the relationship between AMPK and mTOR?
AMPK inhibits mTOR signaling
What amino acid residue must be phosphorylated to activate AMPK?
Threonine 172 or Thr172
Which two kinases activate AMPK by phosphorylating Thr172?
LKB1 and CaMKK2
How does calcium activate AMPK?
Increased calcium activates CaMKK2 which phosphorylates AMPK
What process is promoted by AMPK and inhibited by mTOR?
Autophagy
What does LKB1 do besides activating AMPK?
Promotes autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1
What does PP2C alpha do to AMPK?
Dephosphorylates and inactivates AMPK
How does high AMP affect PP2C alpha?
Inhibits PP2C alpha causing increased AMPK activation
What protein can cause AMPK degradation?
CIDEA
What overall metabolic state does mTOR promote?
Growth and anabolism
What overall metabolic state does AMPK promote?
Energy conservation and catabolism