the natural environment

what causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

earths crust is broken into pieces which causes plate movements

drainage basin:

process of a river: erosion process

hydraulic action, solution, attrition, abrasion

process of a river: transportation process

suspension, traction, solution, saltation

process of a river: deposition

river loses energy, drops material, forms delta at mouth, river reaches flatter land, slows down, dumps material, large particles are dumped first, dissolved particles are taken out to sea.

how does a waterfall form?

river flows over a band of hard rocksoverlying softer land

how are meanders formed?

moving water in a river erodes the outer banks and widens its valley

hydraulic action:

the breaking down of rocks and dragging them away from the bed and banks by force of the running water itself

solution (corrosion):

the process at which water reacts chemically with souluable minerals in the rocks and dissolves them

attrition:

the knocking of rock fragments in the water against one another

abrasion:

the grinding of rock fragments carried by the river against the bed and banks of the river - this widens and deepens the channel

suspension-

fine, light material is carried along by the river

traction-

large boulders and rocks are rolled along the river bed

solution-

minerals are dissolved in the water which causes a chemical change

saltation-

small pebbles and stones are bounced along the riverbed

stevensons screen purpose:

protect the temperature sensors from being influenced by direct or reflected sunlight

stevensons screen features:

white-to reflect the suns rays, made out of wood, slides are slatted-allows free movement of the air

stevensons screen:

shields the thermometer from the sun, rain, snow, but allows it to measure the true temperature

desert vegetation adaptions;

thick, waxy skin to reduce loss of water and to reflect heat, deep roots to tap into groundwater, spikes

desertification impacts:

water scarcity, low crop production, loss of plants and animals