Indigenous nationalism

Who are metis ppl

mix of french and indigenous

who is louis riel and what did he fight for

leader of metis, fought for metis land rights and recogonition

explain the red river colony and what is it present day and what did the governemnt do to it and when

present day winnipeg and manitoba, the red river colony was home to metis for many years and used for hunting trade etc

in 1869, the government took control of this land under the hudsons bay company and sent surveyors to divide it into plots for settlers

since metis already lived their in their own traditional way of living (based on french traditions) the government failed to reognisethis which led to conflict

Explain the red river resistance

• Led by Louis Riel, the Métis feared losing their land, language, and culture due to incoming settlers and government control.

• The Métis took control of Fort Garry, established a provisional government, and negotiated Manitoba’s entry into Canada.

• This led to the creation of Manitoba (1870) as a province.

• However, the government did not fully keep its promises to protect Métis land rights, leading to further tension.

explain the northwest resistance

• After the Red River Resistance, many Métis moved west to Saskatchewan but faced the same land loss issues as before.

• In 1885, Riel led another resistance against the Canadian government.

• This time, the government sent in troops, and the Métis were defeated at the Battle of Batoche.

• Riel was arrested, charged with treason, and hanged. His execution caused controversy, dividing English Canadians (who saw him as a traitor) and French Canadians (who saw him as a martyr).

• Over time, Riel’s image has changed—he is now widely recognized as a hero and defender of Métis rights.

who is Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear)

a cheif who refused to sign treaty 6 bc the terms were unfair and harmful to his ppl

tried to prevent violence in the NW resistance but still sentenced to 3 yrs in prison as he was seen as a trouble maker'

He is remembered as a strong leader who fought for Cree rights, unity, and fairness, resisting the government's unfair treatment of Indigenous people.

what do riel and big bear have in common

both fought for rights of thier ppl btoh resisted nation building efforts of canadian govenrment

What does AFN stand for what was it orignally and what is it about

assembly of the first nations was first called national indian brotherhood

similar to the UN where the different first nations bands and chiefs were represented

• advocates for Indigenous rights, including treaty rights, land claims, health, education, culture, and language.

• It also pushes for Indigenous self-governance, meaning First Nations should have control over their own affairs instead of being ruled by the Canadian government.

Explain the Oka crisis

78-day standoff in 1990 between Mohawk protesters, Quebec police, and the Canadian Army.

Kanesatake, near Oka, Quebec, because the town wanted to expand a golf course and build houses on disputed Mohawk land, which included a burial ground.

• Quebec police officer was killed, and the Canadian Army was called in.

• In the end, the golf course expansion was cancelled, and the federal government bought the land, but they never officially returned it to the Mohawks.

• The resistance inspired other Indigenous movements, like Idle No More and the push for an inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women.

The Four Principles of the Report of the Royal
Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

• The principle of mutual recognition
• The principle of respect
• The principle of sharing
• The principle of responsibility