Schools Vocab Chs. 7 & 8

accent

accent

A set of stress and intonation patterns unique to a specific language.

authentic assessment

A method of assessment that requires students to perform, produce, or demonstrate skills representing realistic learning demands.

bias

A preference for the familiar and comfortable.

dialect

A variation in pronunciation, vocabulary, and idiomatic use of language that is specific to a geographical region.

discrimination

A distinction and favor of what is comfortable and familiar.

dual language learner (DLL)

A child who is in the process of learning another language in addition to his or her native language(s); includes other terms frequently used, such as English language learner.

dynamic assessment

A method of conducting assessment that is interactive. The examiner observes the result of modifying instructional input on the learning process and discovers what works best to maximize an individual's learning.

ethnocentrism

A belief that one's own culture and beliefs are superior to those of others.

fast mapping

The process by which people rapidly learn novel words on brief but intense exposure.

interpersonal communication

Communication between two or more people.

inventory of specific observable behaviors (ISOB)

An authentic assessment procedure that helps differentiate English language learner challenges from challenges due to a disability.

nonword repetition

A processing-dependent task that mimics word learning and requires a child to repeat nonsense words conforming to the phonotactics of his or her native language.

paralanguage silence

The amount of time between when one person finishes speaking and another begins speaking that is socially accepted within a culture.

prejudice

A judgment that is based on emotion or some other irrational factor, rather than on the relevant facts.

projected cognitive similarity

The assumption that one knows how another is thinking based on one's own perceptions.

prototype

A mental representation based on general characteristics that are not fixed or rigid. A prototype is fluid and dynamic and open to new definitions.

rapid automatic naming

The ability to recognize a visual symbol, such as a letter or color, and name it accurately and rapidly.

stereotype

A mental representation based on specific characteristics that are rigid.

Venn diagram

A graphic organizer that speech-language pathologists can use as an authentic assessment tool to monitor and document concerns of dual language learners across multiple languages.

advice shopping

The process of seeking information from a variety of sources until one hears what is most pleasing or expected.

compassion fatigue

Feeling overwhelmed or depleted as a result of providing counseling. Other symptoms may include questioning one's competence or feeling a loss of self-worth. This type of burnout may be a side effect of the tremendous energy it takes to provide empathy and effective counseling within one's workload.

information-gathering conference

A type of conference in which the professional seeks out information that is known only to the parent or legal guardian.

introductory conference

A type of conference with the primary purpose of establishing a cooperative feeling, trust, and open communication.

listening post

The process of seeking out another person who will listen to whatever one wishes to discuss, whether or not it is relevant to the educational setting.

problem-solving conference

A type of conference in which the school representatives share what has been tried, what the outcomes have been, what has not been accomplished, and what needs to be accomplished, and then engages the parents or legal guardian in a brainstorming activity to identify possible solutions.

reporting conference

A type of conference in which the school representative shares specific information about a student's program, progress, products, strengths, challenges, interests, learning style, behavioral needs, behavioral expectations, goals, or aspirations.

unscheduled drop-in

A visit from a parent or legal guardian who does not have an appointment, catches the educator at an inopportune time, and expects to have a conference immediately.