Veterinary Science: The Care of Animals Final Exam

acute toxicosis

the effects of poisoning that occur within the first 24 hours

anticoagulant poison

this type of poison interferes with vitamin K in the body and causes hemorrhages in the body

biotoxins

poisons from a biological source like venom

chronic toxicosis

effects of poisoning that happen due to continued exposure to a toxin

cyanobacteria

toxic blue-green algae that can cause fatal toxicosis in high concentrations

elapine snakes

have shorter fangs and the venom acts as a neurotoxin, which paralyzes the respiratory system

poisnoning

the disease or harmful conditions produced by a toxin

synergism

the increased effects that can result when an organism is exposed to two or more toxins that act in the same way on the body

tolerance

occurs when an organism shows less or a response to a toxin than it did in a previous exposure

toxicity

the amount of a substance that is needed before a harmful effect is seen

toxicology

the study of the harmful effects of chemical compounds on organisms

toxicosis

the disease or harmful conditions produced by a toxin

veterinary toxicologists

those who study the properties, effects, and treatments for biotoxins as well as the toxic effects that can come from feed additives, pharmaceuticals, and other environmental and man-made agents

viperine snakes

have longer, hollow fangs and they strike to inject the hemotoxic venom

canine demodicosis

results when large numbers of the “demodex canis” mite inhabit the hair follicles

coccidian protozoa

single celled organisms that form spores and infect the intestinal tract of a variety of animals

coccidiosis

an acute illness caused by the infection of the coccidian protozoa

ectoparasites

organisms that live on the surface of the host

endoparasites

live inside the host, such as heartworms or hookworms

epiparasites

organisms that feed on other parasites

fleas

wingless insects that feed on the blood of mammals and birds

giardiasis

a chronic, protozoan infection of the intestines

heartworms

parasitic roundworms (dirofilaria immitis), a type of filaria

host

the animal that the parasite benefits from

microfilariae

the first stage of larvae

mites

small (often microscopic) external parasites that affect a wide variety of pets, livestock, and wildlife

nematodes

roundworms and one of the most diverse organisms on earth

parasite

an organism that benefits from another organism

parasitism

the relationship between two organisms where one of those organisms benefits at the expense of the other

veterinary parasitology

the study of parasites and their animal hosts

anthroponosis

a disease that can be transferred from humans to wild or domestic animals

anthrax

a disease caused by spore forming bacteria

bacillius anthracis

the bacteria that causes anthrax

black death

the plague epidemic, which swept through Asia, Africa, and Europe between 1347 and 1351

buboes

swollen lymph glands

bubonic plague

occurs when the plague bacteria enters the lymphatic system

conservation medicine

an evolving field that takes, integrates, and builds upon research and information from both human and veterinary medicine

cutaneous anthrax

occurs after the skin comes in contact with the anthrax bacteria

fungi

organisms that feed on plant and animal materials and include yeast, mushrooms, and molds

hantaviruses

a group of viruses that are found in rodents and can be transmitted to humans

inhalation anthrax

occurs when the anthrax spores are inhaled, causing severe respiratory issues

plague

an infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria

pneumonic plague

occurs when the plague bacteria affects the lungs and is contagious between people

reverse zoonosis

a disease that can be transferred from humans to wild or domestic animals

ringworm

a fungal infection that often shows a red, raised circle at the site of the infection

septicemic plague

results when the plague enters the bloodstream

zooneses

diseases that can transmitted from animals to humans

acupuncture

the practice of inserting and manipulating needles into the body

allopathic veterinary medicine

conventional veterinary medicine, using high-tech diagnostic techniques, synthetic medications (including vaccines, hormones, and antimicrobials), and surgeries

animal chiropractic

includes spinal manipulations and other manual therapies with animals

aquatic therapy

the use of exercise in water for rehabilitative purposes

aromatherapy

the type of herbal medicine that uses plant essential oils to treat humans and animals

essential oils

liquids that have been extracted from the leaves, bark, flowers, seeds, and roots of plants

equine chiropractors

specialize in treating horses with chiropractic techniques

holistic veterinary science

focuses on complementary and alternative approaches to veterinary medicine as well as integrating all aspects of animal wellness

hydrotherapy

the treatment of disease through the use of water

meridians

channels through which qi flows

qi

the life energy

subluxation

a partial dislocation or misalignment of a joint

veterinary acupuncture

the use of acupuncture on animals

veterinary chiropractor

includes spinal manipulations and other manual therapies

xue

the Chinese word for the actual acupuncture point