jepp ch 2

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/174

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

175 Terms

1
New cards
Fuselage
Body of plane, typically houses cabin and cockpit
2
New cards
Wings
Attached to fuselage. Front of wing is Leading Edge, back of wing is Trailing Edge. Contains aircraft's fuel supply.
3
New cards
Ailerons
On trailing edge of wings (away from me)
4
New cards
Flaps
Increases lift and drag, on leading edge of wings (facing me)
5
New cards
What happens to the ailerons when you turn the wheel to the right?
The right aileron goes up, the left one goes down.
6
New cards
Empennage
Consists of the fin (the vertical stabilizer), the rudder, horizontal stabilizer, and elevator
7
New cards
Rudder
Helps moves plane's nose left and right
8
New cards
Elevators
Helps move plane's nose up and down
9
New cards
How much does fuel weigh?
6lbs a gallon
10
New cards
How much fuel can the engine hold?
7qts
11
New cards
What does oil do for the engine?
Cleans, cools, and keeps stuff moist
12
New cards
Dipstick should at least be:
6
13
New cards
Trim devices
Attached to the edges of control devices like elevators. Some types of trim devices are anti-servo tabs, trim tabs, ground adjustable tabs, and balance tabs
14
New cards
Landing gear
Supports airplane & absorbs landing loads. Either nosewheel (wheel at front) or tailwheel (wheel at back)
15
New cards
Rear-mounted wheel
Called "conventional" landing gear
16
New cards
Fixed gear
Always remains extended, has advantage of simplicity combined with low cost.
17
New cards
Retractable gear
Can be retracted inside aircraft during cruising flight, reduces drag
18
New cards
What landing gear do most higher performance airplanes have?
Retractable
19
New cards
Oleo Strut
Most widely used type of strut, it is an air-oil shock absorber
20
New cards
Powerplant
Consists of engine and propeller in small airplanes.
21
New cards
Firewall
Located between engine compartment & cock pit, protects aircraft occupants from fire of engine
22
New cards
Propellor
Usually two-bladed, translates rotational force of engine into "THRUST"
23
New cards
Thrust
Foward-acting force, moves airplane through air
24
New cards
Pilot's operating handbook (POH)
Can find info on nearly every make & model of airplanes
25
New cards
Approved flight manual (AFM)
FAA requires all airplanes to be equipped with AFM for each respective airplane
26
New cards
Air Worthiness Certificate
Must be in airplane where passengers can see it
27
New cards
For your plane to be airworthy, an AMT must perform:
Annual inspection, 100-hour inspection, more required inspections, AND make logbook entries approving aircraft for return to service.
28
New cards
Inspections every 12 calendar months:
Annual, emergency locater transmitter (ELT)
29
New cards
Inspection every 24 calendar months:
Transponder
30
New cards
FAR 91.205
REQUIRED AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
31
New cards
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
Determines what is required to dispatch an aircraft when a system or piece of equipment is inoperative.
32
New cards
Kinds of operating list (KOEL)
Aircraft manufacturers may include additional required items and specify them in this list
33
New cards
Airworthiness Directives (ADs)
Legally enforcable rules governed by FAR part 39, requires correction of unsafe conditions found in an airplane, an airplane engine, a propeller, or an appliance
34
New cards
Semi-monocoque
Stressed skin structure, carries some flight loads
35
New cards
Monocoque
With little or no internal framework, carries all flight loads
36
New cards
Turbine Engine
Relatively costly but extremely powerful, it is in most large passenger carrying airplanes
37
New cards
Reciprocating Engine
More economical, but still very reliable
38
New cards
Turboprop, turbojet
Turbine engines
39
New cards
Radial, horizontally opposed
Reciprocating engines
40
New cards
Four-Stroke Operating Cycle
Intake, compression, power, exhaust. It is basic process of converting chemical energy in fuel into mechanical energy.
41
New cards
Difference between turbine and reciprocating engine?
Turbine engine uses same steps in operating cycle but all four events occur simultaneously
42
New cards
Throttle
Controls engine power by regulating amount of air/fuel mixture that flows into cylinders
43
New cards
Mixture
Controls fuel/air ratio
44
New cards
Carburetor
Mixes incoming air with fuel and delivers it to the combustion chamber
45
New cards
Intake ports
Normally contains air filter that inhibits entry of dust and other foreign objects
46
New cards
Carburetor Icing
When moisture in the air freezes in the carburetor, blocking air from entering. Turn on carb heat.
47
New cards
How to tell if carburetor icing has occurred:
Loss of RPM
48
New cards
Carburetor Heat
Can combat icing, but causes slight decrease in engine power
49
New cards
fuel injection system
More consistent than in engines with carburetors
50
New cards
What are some pros of fuel injection systems?
Increased engine efficiency, offers lower fuel consumption, increased horsepower, lower operating temperature, and increased engine life.
51
New cards
What are some cons of fuel injection systems?
Increased sensitivity to fuel contaminants, more complex starting procedure when engine is hot
52
New cards
Supercharged and turbocharged systems
Enables an engine to produce sea-level performances—even at high altitudes
53
New cards
Supercharger
Usually fuel injected, compresses the incoming air using a pump driven by the engine
54
New cards
Turbocharger
Usually fuel injected, more efficient than supercharger because it pressurizes air using a mechanism driven by engine exhaust gases, which would otherwise be vented overboard
55
New cards
Ignition system
Provides a spark that ignites the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders. Made up of magnetos, spark plugs, interconnecting wires, and ignition switch.
56
New cards
Magnetos
Engine-driven unit that supplies electric current to the spark plugs, generates electrical current by itself
57
New cards
Ignition switch
Labeled off, right, left, or both. Can choose to only use left or right magnetos.
58
New cards
Abnormal combustion
Also called detonation, occurs when flame does NOT spread evenly and smoothly through cylinder's combustion chamber. Causes excessive temperatures and pressures which can quickly lead to failure of the piston, cylinder, or valves.
59
New cards
When does detonation occur?
Happens any time you allow the engine to overheat or if you use a lower than recommended fuel-grade
60
New cards
100-hour inspection
Conducted every 100 hours of flight on aircraft that are used to carry passengers for hire or for flight instruction.
61
New cards
When are you allowed to be late for your 100-hour inspection?
If your airplane is going to maintenance, and you have 10 hours to do that.
62
New cards
Preignition
Occurs when fuel/air mixture is ignited in advance of the normal timed ignition; caused by a residual hot spot on a cylinder.
63
New cards
How to fix detonation?
Help cool engine by retarding throttle (reducing engine output) and by climbing at lower rate.
64
New cards
How to fix preignition?
Help cool engine by retarding throttle (reducing engine output), enriching the mixture, and or lowering nose altitude.
65
New cards
Fuel-Pump System
Found in light airplanes with fuel-injection systems to provide sufficient pressure to injector nozzles.
66
New cards
Fuel Pressure Gauge
Detects fuel pump malfunctions
67
New cards
Vapor lock
Difficult and/or impossible to restart the engine, occurs when high engine temperatures causes bubbles of fuel vapor to form
68
New cards
Gravity-feed system
High-wing carburetors typically have these; fuel flows by force of gravity from the fuel tanks to the engine
69
New cards
Pitot Pressure
Used by airspeed only.
70
New cards
Pilot controlled variables that influence lift:
Airspeed, angle of attack
71
New cards
Non-pilot controlled variables that influence lift:
Air density, wind
72
New cards
Vs or Vs⁰
Stall speed (dirty)
73
New cards
Vs¹
Stall speed (clean), flaps and gears retracted
74
New cards
Vfe
Maximum flap extended speed
75
New cards
Vno
Maximum structural cruising speed (normal operating)
76
New cards
Vne
"Never exceed" speed, can result in damage or structural failure.
77
New cards
Va
Max speed without possibility of causing damage, but changes with weight!
78
New cards
Vle
Should not be exceeded when landing gear is extended
79
New cards
Vlo
Max speed at which you can raise or lower landing gear
80
New cards
Why does an airplane stall?
Because it's exceeded the critical angle of attack (16°-18°)
81
New cards
Main battery alternator?
BAT 2
82
New cards
What is the cooldown of a circuit breaker?
2 minutes and you're able to reset
83
New cards
What should you do if you and another airplane are about to have a head-on collision?
Turn right
84
New cards
When do most airplanes stall?
At higher speeds
85
New cards
Fuel tanks
Located in wings, contains air vents that regulate inside air pressure to outside air pressure
86
New cards
Fuel Quantity Gauges
Displays how much fuel in gallons/pounds/metric units. Do not depend solely on this
87
New cards
Fuel Selector Valve
Enables you to select fuel from various tanks
88
New cards
Fuel strainer
removes moisture and other sediments that might be in the system. Contaminents will settle at bottom along with moisture (water)
89
New cards
Refueling
Replenishing with fuel through filler cap. Can refuel yourself or FBO can (fixed-base operator)
90
New cards
Hazard of refueling:
Possible combustion of fuel, probably caused by static electricity that discharges between refueling.
91
New cards
Reduce risk of refueling by:
Ensuring ground wire is attached to airplane before fuel cap is removed from tank
92
New cards
Common fuel for piston-powered:
AVGAS 100LL (100 low lead) -\> Blue. Other fuel is AVGAS 82UL (82 unleaded) -\> Purple
93
New cards
Aviation fuel
Can lose color and become clear if various fuel grades are mixed
94
New cards
Difference between higher grade and lower grade fuel:
Can use higher grade fuel for short period of time but never use lower grade fuel because it is dangerous.
95
New cards
oil pressure gauge
Indicates pressure in psi, or pounds per square inch, or bars.
96
New cards
Below-normal air pressure
Oil pump not putting out enough pressure to circulate oil throughout engine
97
New cards
Above-normal air pressure
Could be clogged oil line
98
New cards
What do you do when vital engine parts are not receiving the necessary lubrication (oil)?
If oil pressure does not begin to rise within 30 seconds after engine start in warm weather, or 60 in cold, shut down engine!
99
New cards
Oil Temperature Gauge
Check periodically, most important when you are using a high power setting and slower airspeed, such as in a climb.
100
New cards
Cowl flaps
Increases cooling airflow. Underside of engine cowling.