Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies (1987 Constitution)

Flashcards covering the 1987 Philippine Constitution's Article II, including constitutional principles, state policies, and their corresponding related laws.

Democratic and Republican State

The nature of the Philippines where sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.

RA $8189$ (Voter's Registration Act of $1996$)

A law establishing a system of clean voter registration to secure democratic elections and standardize automated registration.

Renunciation of War

The Philippine policy stated in Section $2$ that renounces war as an instrument of national policy and adopts accepted principles of international law.

RA $9851$

The Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law which adopts international treaties penalizing war crimes and genocide.

Civilian Authority

The principle under Section $3$ stating that this authority is, at all times, supreme over the military.

RA $7055$

An Act Strengthening Civilian Supremacy over the Military, mandating that military personnel committing non-military crimes be tried in ordinary civilian courts.

Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

The protector of the people and the State, whose goal is to secure sovereignty and the integrity of national territory.

RA $9163$

The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of $2001$, requiring college students to complete civic or military training.

Maintenance of Peace and Order

Stated in Section $5$ as essential for national development, along with the protection of life, liberty, and property.

RA $6975$

The Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of $1990$ which created the Philippine National Police (PNP).

Separation of Church and State

An inviolable guarantee in Section $6$ ensuring government neutrality and religious freedom.

Revised Penal Code, Article $132$ & $133$

Laws protecting religious freedom by criminalizing the disruption of religious services or public mocking of faith.

Independent Foreign Policy

The State policy under Section $7$ where national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national interest are primary considerations.

RA $7157$

The Foreign Service Act, which organizes diplomats to protect Philippine sovereignty and overseas workers.

Freedom from Nuclear Weapons

The policy stated in Section $8$ where the Philippines pursues a policy consistent with national interest regarding nuclear arms.

RA $5207$

The Atomic Energy Act, restricting the use of nuclear materials strictly to safe, peaceful purposes.

Just and Dynamic Social Order

A state goal under Section $9$ to ensure prosperity, independence, and the reduction of inequality.

RA $11310$

The $4Ps$ Act, providing permanent cash grants to ultra-poor families for health and education.

Social Justice

A principle in Section $10$ that mandates the promotion of fairness in all phases of national development.

Human Dignity

The value emphasized in Section $11$, guaranteeing full respect for human rights.

RA $10368$

The Human Rights Reparation Act, recognizing and compensating victims of state abuses during the $1970$s and $1980$s Martial Law era.

Section $12$ of Article II

Recognizes the sanctity of family life and mandates the protection of the life of the mother and the unborn from conception.

RA $10354$

The Reproductive Health Act, providing state funding for family planning, maternal healthcare, and reproductive education.

Youth Development

The recognition in Section $13$ of the vital role of the youth in nation-building and the promotion of their well-being and patriotism.

RA $10742$

The SK Reform Act, which revamped local youth councils and introduced an anti-dynasty provision.

Fundamental Equality of Women and Men

The principle in Section $14$ recognizing the role of women in nation-building and ensuring gender equality.

RA $9710$

The Magna Carta of Women, which guarantees equal rights in the workplace and politics while penalizing discrimination.

Right to Health

The State's duty under Section $15$ to protect and promote health consciousness among the people.

RA $11223$

The Universal Health Care Act, which automatically enrolls all Filipino citizens into the PhilHealth system.

Balanced and Healthful Ecology

The environmental right guaranteed in Section $16$ to be in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

RA $9003$

The Solid Waste Act, requiring trash separation, recycling, and the closure of toxic open dump sites.

Section $17$ Priorities

The State's mandate to prioritize education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports.

RA $10533$

The $K-12$ Law, which added Kindergarten and two mandatory years of Senior High School to the education system.

RA $10931$

The Free Higher Education Act, which cancels tuition and fees for eligible students in state-run colleges.

Labor as Primary Economic Force

The recognition in Section $18$ that protects workers' rights and welfare as vital to the economy.

Presidential Decree $442$

The Labor Code, setting baseline rules for minimum wage, overtime, and job security.

Self-reliant National Economy

An economic goal under Section $19$ to develop an economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.

Republic Act No. $6977$

A law specifically created to protect, finance, and develop local businesses in the Philippines.

Private Enterprise

A sector recognized in Section $20$ as indispensable, with the State encouraging its involvement in development.

RA $11534$ (CREATE Act)

A law that lowers taxes for companies to help local businesses grow and attract international investment.

RA $6657$ (CARL)

The law related to Section $21$ that distributes large agricultural lands to poor tenant farmers.

Indigenous Cultural Communities

Groups whose rights, heritage, and land titles are recognized and promoted under Section $22$.

RA $8371$ (IPRA)

The law granting indigenous groups official ancestral domain land titles and protecting cultural preservation.

Independent People's Organizations

Non-governmental entities recognized in Section $23$ for their role in democratic and social life.

Non-monopolization of Mass Media

The promotion of free communication and diverse information sources under Section $24$.

RA $10844$ (DICT Act)

Established the department responsible for nationwide digital infrastructure and broadband deployment.

Local Autonomy

The guarantee in Section $25$ ensuring local governments have the power to make independent decisions.

RA $7160$ (Local Government Code of $1991$)

The landmark law that devolved critical basic services and taxation powers to local government units (LGUs).

Political Dynasties

Concentrations of power within families which the State shall prohibit as defined by law under Section $26$.

Honesty and Integrity in Public Service

The mandate in Section $27$ to maintain clean governance and take action against graft and corruption.

RA $3019$

The Anti-Graft Act, which sets criminal limits against public officials receiving kickbacks or illegal gifts.

RA $6713$

The Code of Conduct forcing public officials to submit yearly wealth sheets ($SALN$) and operate transparently.

Full Public Disclosure

The policy of transparency in Section $28$ regarding all transactions involving public interest.

Executive Order No. $2$ (FOI)

The Freedom of Information order mandating executive agencies to release requested public documents within fixed days.