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Intergenic
Something that occurs between or involves more than one gene
Intragenic
An event that occurs within a gene itself
Intron
A DNA sequence that does not code or affect the RNA product, but still exists within a gene
Exon
A DNA sequence(s) that will be featured as a final product of RNA processes; expressed phenotype
Silent Mutation/Allele
A protein mutation that doesn’t affect the amino acid sequence of a coding protein, thus not affecting a protein’s function
Null Mutation/Allele
A protein mutation that affects an amino acid sequence and alters a protein’s function and potential coding results
Multiple Alleles
When more than two versions of a gene are present in a given population
Haplosufficient
When a single wild-type allele is sufficient for wild-type gene expression
Haploinsufficient
When one mutant gene is enough to cause a mutant gene expression; two wild-type alleles are needed for typical gene expression
Complete Dominance
When only one allele in a given genotype is expressed for (ie. all black hair)
Codominance
When both alleles in a genotype are equally expressed in a given individual (ie. sections of all white and all black hair)
Incomplete Dominance
When a mixture of alleles in a genotype are expressed in a certain combined form (ie. a combined output of black and white/gray hair)
Epistasis (or Gene Interaction)
When the effect of a gene mutation is influenced is influenced by the presence or absence of other gene mutations
