RTS - Common Conditions Y3

What are the symptoms of sunburn?

Red, sore, warm, tender skin, flaking, peeling; severe cases include blisters, swelling, chills, fever"

What are the risk factors for sunburn?

Proximity to equator, high altitude, prolonged outdoor exposure, snow, ice, water, low melanin levels"

What are the differences between UVA, UVB, and UVC rays in causing sunburn?

UVA causes tanning and aging, UVB causes sunburn by being absorbed in the epidermis, UVC is filtered by the ozone layer"

How should sunscreen be applied to prevent sunburn?

Apply generously to all exposed areas, use broad-spectrum sunscreen, reapply regularly, apply before insect repellent"

What treatments are recommended for sunburn?

Cool skin with water or cold compress, use aloe vera, calamine lotion, painkillers, hydrocortisone cream; avoid breaking blisters"

When should sunburn be referred to a healthcare provider?

If fever or chills are present"

What are the ABCD criteria for referring skin cancer to a dermatologist?

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter greater than 6mm"

What are the symptoms of prickly heat?

Rash of small raised spots, mild swelling, itching, stinging or prickling sensation"

What causes prickly heat?

Excess sweating, blocked sweat glands by dead skin cells and bacteria, leading to trapped sweat and bursting pockets"

Who is more likely to develop prickly heat?

Overweight individuals, babies, children, or those wearing excessive clothing"

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Fever, sweats, chills, malaise, myalgia, headache, vomiting, cough, diarrhoea, appearing 7 days to 1 year after a mosquito bite"

How does the malaria parasite affect the body?

Parasite enters via mosquito bite, develops in liver, invades red blood cells, multiplies, causes infected cells to burst, releasing more parasites"

What are the ABCD steps for malaria prevention?

Awareness of travel health advice, bite avoidance with repellent and clothing, chemoprophylaxis, prompt diagnosis for flu-like symptoms"

What are the types of insect repellents used to prevent bites?

DEET (25%-100% concentration), di-methylphthalate, eucalyptus/citronella oil (e.g., Mosi Guard)"

What is the emergency treatment for malaria in remote areas?

Atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone)"

What are the symptoms of an infected insect bite or sting?

Spreading redness, swelling, hot and tender skin, pus, flu-like symptoms"

What are the potential complications of insect bites or stings?

Infections (impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis), Lyme disease, West Nile virus, malaria, anaphylaxis"

What self-care measures are recommended for insect bites or stings?

Wash with soap and water, apply cold compress, use analgesics or antihistamines, avoid scratching"

What vaccinations are available at Boots travel vaccination clinics?

Cholera, Hepatitis A and B, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, meningitis, typhoid, yellow fever"

What items should be included in a general medical kit for travel?

Adhesive tape, antiseptic wound cleanser, antihistamine, oral rehydration sachet, sterile dressing, sunscreen, thermometer"