TUMOR MARKERS

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Last updated 10:11 AM on 9/11/26
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17 Terms

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Cancer screening or diagnosis

tumor staging

monitoring therapy

predicting patient outcomes

detecting cancer recurrence

CLINICAL UTILITIES:

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  • Cancer-sensitive, cancer-specific, and tissue-specific

  • Readily detectable in the blood

  • Shows elevation at the early stage of cancer

  • Serum levels correlate with tumor burden


CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL TUMOR MARKER:

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AFP

Tumor type:

  • Hepatoma / Liver


Other comments:

  • Oncofetal antigen; also ↑ in germ cell tumors


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CEA

Tumor type:

  • Colorectal


Other comments:

  • Oncofetal antigen; also ↑ in other cancers


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CA 15-3, 27.29

Tumor type:

  • Breast


Other comments:

  • Two different assays for same marker


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CA 19-9

Tumor type:

  • Pancreatic


Other comments:

  • Related to Lewis Blood group antigens; also ↑ in gastric and colorectal cancers


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CA 72-4

Tumor type:

  • Gastric


Other comments:

  • Also ↑ in colorectal cancer


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CA 125

Tumor type:

  • Ovaria


Other comments:

  • Also ↑ in other cancers and gynecological conditions.


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CYFRA 21-1

Tumor type:

  • Lung


Other comments:

  • Subunit of cytokeratin fragment expressed in simple epithelia


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ER, PR, HER-2/neu

Tumor type:

  • Breast


Other comments:

  • Receptor tumor markers used as prognostic and hormonal therapy indicator; detected in biopsy specimens using IHC


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PSA

Tumor type:

  • Prostatic


Other comments:

  • Used for prostate cancer screening in combination with DRE


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NMP

Tumor type:

  • Urinary Bladder


Other comments:

  • Oncogene-encoded protein


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β-hCG

Tumor type:

  • Ovarian / testicular


Other comments:

  • Also ↑ gestational trophoblastic diseases

    • e.g. Chorio CA

    • Hydatidform mole

    • GT neoplasia


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Thyroglobulin

Tumor type:

  • Thyroid


Other comments:

  • ↑ in other thyroid diseases; major source of assay interference - anti - thyroglobulin ab


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HVA, VMA

Tumor type:

  • Neuroblastoma


Other comments:

  • Determined on 24-h urine using HPLC


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MN, nMN

Tumor type:

  • Phaeochromocytoma


Other comments:

  • Determined on 24-h urine or plasma using HPLC


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Immunoassay, HPLC, immunohistochemistry

METHODS: