HGAP chapter 10 (copy)

Industrial agriculture

not a lot of workers needed , influential world wide because of trade

Loss of arable land

leads to increased fertilizer use

Columbian exchange

Americas to Europe, Africa, Asia: tobacco and thanksgiving foods

Europe, Africa, Asia to Americas": diseases like small pox, grapes, citrus fruits , grains, cattle

Fertile Crescent

wheat, rye, barley oats, olives; diffused to northern and Eastern Africa, europe and Middle East

SE asia

taro, mango, coconut; East Indies , India

E Asia

rice, soybeans; Korea Japan

Central America

Maize, potato, squash, peppers; N america and S ameria

Subsaharan Africa

Yams, sorghum, coffee; Southern Africa

Where does subsistence farming take place?

Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of South and Central America,

Green revolution

Increased fertilizer use, it has least impacted subsaharan Africa

Where doees livestock ranching occur?

Drylands of WNameria, SE latin ameria, Central Asia, subsaharan Africa, S Pacific

Global Food production

Specialty Ag, increases country GNI ( gross national income) by export sales, NA has fewest people involved in AG, Value added foods are in agricultural countries

Advances of the Eat Local Movement

Helps preserve local and small-scale farmland, cuts down on carbon footprint, sustainable practices like wind power/ solar panels, humane treatment of animals, supports LOCAVORE

Neocolonialism

The form of economic control over a former colony; “ Neo-colonialism”; plantations

Commodity chains

A process used by firms to gather resources , transform them into goods or commodities, and finally distribute them to consumers

Commodity chains impact on consumers

Drought leads to higher grain prices

Tilling

Prepare and cultivate land for crops

Environmental Impacts of Agriculture

Habitat loss, water quality, increased wetlands, diseases, soil quality, air quality

Bid-Rent Theory

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The bid rent theory is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases.

Wheat was probably first domesticated in

Southwest Asia because wheat was first domesticated in Turkey

Terracing

make or form (__sloping__ land) into a number of level flat areas __resembling__ a series of steps.

Green Revolution

The Green Revolution refers to the use of modern science to grow large quantities of food.

Von Thünen emphasized which of the following factors in his model of agricultural land use?

Land costs and transportation costs

The farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This phenomenon occurs primarily because

Fresh milk spoils faster than other dairy products

Grain raised in the United States is used today primarily for

Animal Feed

One would find more chicken production in the American South than in the American Midwest due to

the southern climate being better suited for chickens than the northern climate

Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe plantations?

They satisfy a demand in temperate regions for tropical crops like sugar, bananas, or coffee\\

The most important reason why most people in North China grow crops other than wet rice is

Climate ( latitude)

Which of the following pairs of agricultural types occupies the largest percentage of the world’s total land area?

Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding

All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture EXCEPT

there is little relationship to other businesses

Which of the following statements are true about drug crops impact on food supply?

Drug crops use up arable land that could be used for food

Climate for Plantation farming

tropical or sub-tropical

arid

very dry

soil salinization

Salinization is the process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil. Salinization is a resource concern because excess salts hinder the growth of crops by limiting their ability to take up watercauses ; loss in soil fertility and leads to desertification of agriland

Transnational

extending or operating across national boundarie

Agribusiness

; it is a set of economic and political relationships that organize food production from the development of the seed to the retailing and consumption of the agricultural product.

How do plants and animals diffuse?

Plants and animals were domesticated in each hearth independently without influence or diffusion of domestication and agricultural practices from other hearths.

Why have many family farms in North America been replaced by agribusiness farms since the 1980s?

Agribusiness farms have the resources to take advantage of economies of scale. Large agribusiness farms are generally better able to invest resources in technology such as computerized farm equipment. As farm size increases, the average cost per unit of production generally decreases. This allows agribusiness farms to take advantage of economies of scale.

Rice paddies

A paddy field is ***a flooded field of arable land used for growing semiaquatic crops***, most notably rice and taro

Why is intertillig used

natural farming rice paddies, intertillage (tillage between rows, during rice growth period) is often performed mainly to remove weeds without the use of chemicals.