copper stuff

What is Ctr1 (Copper Transporter 1)?

The primary uptake transporter that absorbs Cu+ into the enterocyte.

What form of copper does Ctr1 transport?

Cu+ (cuprous copper).

What is DMT1?

A minor copper transporter that also transports Fe2+, zinc, manganese, nickel, and lead.

Which minerals does DMT1 transport?

Iron (Fe2+), zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, and lead.

What are copper chaperones?

Proteins that bind copper inside the enterocyte, prevent free copper from causing damage, and deliver copper where it is needed.

What does Atox1 do?

Carries copper to ATP7A.

What is ATP7A?

A copper transporter that exports copper across the basolateral membrane into the blood.

What happens if ATP7A is defective?

Menkes disease develops.

Where is ATP7B located?

The liver.

What are the functions of ATP7B?

Inserts copper into ceruloplasmin and excretes excess copper into bile.

What happens if ATP7B is defective?

Wilson disease develops.

What is ceruloplasmin?

The major circulating copper protein.

What other function does ceruloplasmin have?

Oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ for iron transport.

What is metallothionein?

A storage protein that stores copper inside cells.

What else does metallothionein store?

Zinc.

Which mineral does metallothionein bind more strongly?

Copper.

Tyrosinase →

Melanin synthesis