Medical Terminology Lecture Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering medical terminology, anatomical movements, and clinical signs as described in the provided lecture notes.

Confluent

Skin lesions that merge or run together.

Hemangioma

A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels; a birthmark.

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling in the neck.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

Accommodation

Adjustment of the eye for near or far vision by changing the curvature of the lens.

Diplopia

Double vision.

Ectropion

Turning outward (eversion) of the edge of the eyelid.

Exophthalmos

Abnormal protrusion (bulging) of the eyeball.

Miosis

Contraction/constriction of the pupil.

Ptosis

Drooping of the upper eyelid (or prolapse of an organ).

Otalgia

Ear pain (earache).

Otitis externa

Inflammation of the outer ear canal.

Otitis media

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Otorrhea

Discharge from the ear.

Tinnitus

Ringing, buzzing, or other noise perceived in the ears.

Candidiasis (moniliasis)

Fungal infection caused by Candida species.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed.

Leukoplakia

White patches on mucous membranes (e.g., mouth) that cannot be scraped off; potentially precancerous.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx (sore throat).

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes.

Mastalgia

Breast pain.

Apnea

Temporary cessation of breathing.

Atelectasis

Collapse of lung tissue, preventing normal gas exchange.

Crepitus

A crackling or grating sound/sensation, often from joints, lungs, or under the skin (subcutaneous air).

Dyspnea

Difficulty or labored breathing; shortness of breath.

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing when lying flat, relieved by sitting or standing.

Thrill

A palpable vibration felt over the heart or blood vessel, often associated with a murmur.

Arrhythmia

Irregular heart rhythm.

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening and thickening of arterial walls.

Bruit

An abnormal swishing sound heard over an artery or vascular organ, often indicating turbulent blood flow.

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of skin/mucous membranes due to low oxygen.

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity.

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in surrounding structures.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Dorsal

Pertaining to the back or posterior surface.

Flexion

Bending a joint, decreasing the angle between bones.

Pronation

Turning the palm (or forearm) downward or backward.

Supination

Turning the palm (or forearm) upward or forward.

Aphasia

Loss or impairment of the ability to speak or understand language.

Ataxia

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Hemiplegia

Paralysis of one side of the body.

Paresthesia

Abnormal sensation such as tingling, burning, or numbness ("pins and needles").

Tremor

Involuntary, rhythmic shaking movement.

Melena

Black, tarry stool due to digested blood, often from upper GI bleeding.

Steatorrhea

Excess fat in the stool, often frothy/foul-smelling.

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination.

Varicocele

Abnormal dilation/enlargement of veins in the scrotum (spermatic cord).

Mydriasis

Dilation of the pupil.

Strabismus

Misalignment of the eyes; "crossed eyes."

Vertigo

Sensation of spinning or dizziness, often related to inner ear disturbance.

Malocclusion

Improper alignment of the teeth/bite.

Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast, often due to infection.

Crackles

Abnormal crackling lung sounds heard on auscultation, often due to fluid in the alveoli.

Eversion

Turning a body part outward.

Protraction

Moving a body part forward (anteriorly), e.g., jutting the jaw forward.

Athetosis

Slow, writhing, involuntary muscle movements.

Paralysis

Loss of muscle function/movement in a body part.

Myoma

A benign tumor composed of muscle tissue.

Extension

Straightening a joint, increasing the angle between bones.

Papule

A small, solid, raised skin lesion less than $1\,cm$ in diameter.

Macule

A flat, discolored spot on the skin, not raised or depressed.

Murmur

An abnormal heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow, often through a valve.