PSCI1200A EXAM REVIEW

Number of countries in Africa

54

Number of countries in the world

It depends on who you ask.

BRICS countries

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (recently joined)

Number of countries in the EU

19 countries, 21 members (EU and African union)

EU associates with

Pooled sovereignty

Norm entrepreneur

Agents having strong notions about appropriate or desirable behavior.

Collective action problem

A situation where cooperation would make individuals better off but conflicting interests prevent it from happening.

Liberal International Order (LIO)

A world order led by the US characterized by a set of institutions and norms for cooperation.

Hard Power

Direct use of power, such as military or economic power.

Institutional Power

Indirect power that involves setting rules and institutions.

Soft Power

The ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion, often through cultural means.

Order

Stable relationships of things to each other with clear logic.

Disorder

Unpredictable and unstable arrangements with no common goal.

State actors

Countries or governments that operate in global politics.

Non-state actors

Entities such as NGOs or social movements that participate in global politics.

Power dynamics in global politics

Power is more diffuse with more actors in a crowded space and less coherent global order.

Four Faces of Power

States can exhibit hard, institutional, soft, and ideational power.

The significance of 'America First'

Represents a shift in US foreign policy emphasizing nationalism and self-interest.

The implication of Trump’s 'America First'

Questioning the sustainability of US involvement in global politics.

The rise of China

China's growing power and influence in global politics and implications for world order.

Gideon Rose's Fourth Founding

A call for renewed US commitment to the liberal international order.

Collective interest versus self-interest

The necessity for the US to focus more on global collective interests rather than its own.

Path dependency

The idea that past choices limit future options in political decision-making.

Economic inequality

Disparities in income and wealth distribution both within and between countries.

Vaccine apartheid

Inequitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly affecting poorer countries.

Climate change impact on global order

How climate change threatens state sovereignty and necessitates international cooperation.

Common but differentiated responsibilities

Expectation that rich countries bear more responsibility for climate change due to historical emissions.

Democratic backsliding

The deterioration of democratic principles and practices in a given state.

Acceleration effect

The increasing speed of societal changes driven by technological advancements.

Nuclear weapons and global order

Describes the monopoly and control of nuclear technology by state actors.

Role of technology in global order

Technology shapes political dynamics and can alter power balances.

Ukraine War implications

The erosion of the liberal international order and the emergence of a multi-order world.

Gender inequality in global health

The disparity between male and female leadership roles in health sectors, affecting healthcare quality.

Two decades of hell

Refers to conflicts and crises in the 21st century that have challenged US dominance.

Financial crisis of 2008

A significant global economic downturn caused by irresponsible lending and regulatory failures.

The importance of political science in climate change

Emphasizing the need for policies aligning political incentives to address climate challenges.

NATO's role in the Ukraine conflict

To prevent the war from spilling into a broader regional conflict.

Hamas-Israel conflict

Ongoing violence impacting civilians and raising legal and humanitarian concerns.

The significance of power in international relations

Understanding power relations helps address global issues effectively.

Global political order

How states and institutions cooperate to manage international issues.

Power as a relational concept

Power dynamics depend on relationships and context rather than just resources.

Climate justice

The ethical considerations of fairness in the global response to climate change.

Role of powerful states in global governance

Leadership by powerful states is essential for maintaining stability and order.