Medical Terminology Chapter 4

ankyl

stiff joint

arthro/ articulo

joint

burso

sac

carpo

carpus (carpals)

cervic

neck

chondro

cartilage

clavicle

cavicle

coccyg

coccyx

cortico

outer layer

cost

rib

cranio

skull

femor

femur

fibul

fibula

humer

humerus

ili

ischium

kyph

hump

lamin

lamina (part of vertebrae)

lordo

bent backward

lumbo

loin (low back between ribs and pelvis)

mandibulo

mandible

maxill

maxilla

medull

inner region

metacarp

metacarpus (metacarpals)

metatars

metatarsus (metatarsals)

myel

bone marrow; spinal cord

ortho

straight

osteo

bone

patello

patella

pector

pectoral (chest)

ped/pod

child; foot

pelv

pelvis

phalang

phalanges

prosthet

addition

pub

pubis

radi

radius

sacr

sacrum

scapul

scapula

scoli

cooked

spino

spine

spondyl/ vertebro

vertebrae

sterno

sternum

synovi/ synov

synovial membrane

tars

tarsus (tarsals)

tibi

tibia

ulno

ulna

\-blast

immature

\-clasia

to surgically break

\-desis

to fuse

\-listhesis

slipping

\-logic

pertaining to the study of

\-porosis

porous

dis-

apart

non-

not

bone marrow

site of blood cell production

osteoblasts

immature bone cells, gradually replace cartilage with bone

osteocytes

matured osteoblasts that work to maintain the bone

(bones are dependent on adequate supply of minerals such as Ca and P)

epiphysis

the end of long bones that is covered by articular cartilage

\
act as a cushion and prevents the bones in a joint from rubbing directly on each other

periosteum

thin layer of connective tissue that covers surface of long bones

\
contain numerous blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

diaphysis

shaft of long bones

opens up to center called medullary cavity containing yellow bone marrow (consisting of fat cells)

cortical (compact) bone

hard exterior of bone

cancellous (spongy) bone

found inside bone, contain red bone marrow (manufactures most of the blood cells)

condyle

smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone

epicondyle

projection located above a condyle

trochanter

large rough process for attachment of muscle

tubercle

small rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles

tuberosity

large rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles

sinus

hollow cavity within bone

fossa

shallow cavity or depression on bone

cranium and facial bones

surround and protect the brain, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and oral cavity from injury

\
chewing, moving the head → cranial bones (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid)

\
facial bones → mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal

\

intervertebral disc

sits between vertebrae composed of fibrocartilage to provide cushion

pectoral girdle

clavicle, scapula

\
attaches upper extremity to the axial skeleton

upper extremities (UE)

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, pahalnges

Pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis, hip joint

\
articulated with the sacrum to attached to LE

Lower extemities (LE)

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

synovial joint

many different types lots of movement (contain synovial fluid acting as shock absorber) ball and socket → femur

\
some contain a sac like structure called a bursa to reduce friction composed of connective tissue

cartilaginous joint

limited movement (pubic symphysis)

fibrous joint

no movement (skull bones)

chiropractic

healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malignant conditions of spine and musculoskeletal system with intention of affecting nervous system and improving health

orthotics

profession specializing in making appliances such as braces and splints

podiatry

profession specializing in diagnosing treatment of disorders of feet and lower legs

rheumatology

branch of medicine that diagnoses and treats musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions

arthralgia

joint pain

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

callus

mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during healing

chondromalacia

softening of cartilage

crepitation

noise produced by bones of cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis

ostealgia

bone pain

synovitis

inflammation of synovial membrane

comminuted fracture

fracture in which bone is shattered

compression fracture

fracture involving loss of heigh in vertebral body

greenstick fracture

fracture where there is an incomplete break

chondroma

tumor usually benign that forms in cartilage

Ewing’s sarcoma

malignant growth found in shaft of long bones that spreads through periosteum

exostosis

bony, outward projection from surface of bone (bone spur)

myeloma

tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

osteochondroma

tumor usually benign that consists of both bone and cartilage tissues

osteogenic sarcoma

most common type of bone cancer, usually begins in osteocytes in epiphysis of long bones

osteomalacia

softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium

Paget’s disease

fairly common metabolic disease of bone of middle aged and older adults (bone destruction)

rickets

defieicny in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood resulting in bone deformities