Properties of Water

Polarity

water is a polar molecule with one oxygen atom negatively charged and two hydrogen atoms positively charged.

Universal solvent

Water - due to its polarity and ability to dissolve other polar molecules

Hydrogen bonds

The weak intermolecular bonds that form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

Solvent

Does the dissolving

Solute

Substance being dissolved

Solution

Solvent +Solute=Solution

Ex. Jello, Koolaid, and salt water

density

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance (The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3)

Polar Molecule

a molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive

Buffer

A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. Proteins and Amino acids are intracellular fluid buffers. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate is an extracellular buffer. Hemoglobin / Oxyhemoglobin is an RBC buffer.

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances (water and another substance)

capillary action

tendency of water to rise in a thin tube against the force of gravity, and due of the cohesion and adhesion forces of attraction.

Surface Tension

An invisible film at the surface of water that allows objects to walk. This is caused by the cohesive forces.

high specific heat

Water can absorb or release a tremendous amount of energy with little change in actual temperature. The ability of water to resist changes in temperature. 1 gram of water will need to absorb 4.18 Joules (amount of heat) in order to increase its temperature by 1 degree Celsius.

Acid

any compound that forms hydrogen (H+) ions in solution

Base

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution

pH scale

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

Hydrophilic

A substance that likes water. Having an affinity (love) for water; usually polar molecules.

Hydrophobic

A substance that water hates water (it is repealed by water); usually non-polar molecules, like oil.

Homeostasis

the process of maintaining the body chemical and thermal components in equilibrium. What hormone is responsible with maintaining the water homeostasis in human's body?

Liquid form of water

water

Gas form of water

water vapor or steam

Expansion upon freezing

hydrogen bonds in ice are more "ordered and spaced out" making ice larger and LESS DENSE