Independence Movements Americas

First to engage in New World Conquest

Spain and Britain (France couldn't because of the French/Indian War)

Reasons why autonomy encouraged for the colonies

Distance was too much and sending supplies and military was too expensive and timely

Africans sold as slaves

European serving as indentured servants & People escaping religious persecutions & People accepting political/military appointments to further status

Population changes in New World Increased rapidly because of

High birthrate Low death rate immigration/slave trade

Population in North America

Scots-Irish protestants Germans Africans from slave trade

Viceroyalties of Latin America

administrative entities: New Spain Peru New Granada Rio de la Plata

Population of Latin America

(Spanish) Single men as soldiers officials or laborers (A mixed population. Therefore

Penisulares

Pure spaniards

Creoles

Pure spaniards born in Latin America

Mestizo

European and Native born (majo. of population)

Mulatto

European and African born (Majo. of population)

Lobo

African and Native born

Amerinidan

Natives

Social Hierarchy

Peninsulares-Creoles-Mestizos/Mulatto-Native America/African (The desperation of maintaining social status led to racial tensions)

Main issue with communication in Latin America

Geography

North America's faster prospering than Latin America

It was easier for intracommuniation because of no geographical issues and had great river systems

Motivation North American

colonization, Fertile land and wildlife

Motivation Latin American

colonization, gold and silver

English attitude of the Native population

Occupied land and forced tribes to move inwards

Spanish attitude of Native population

subjugated/controlled groups as a labor force

Spanish political control

King had absolute power-Spanish nobles appointed for viceroyalties-Creoles had majority in audicencias and lower offices

Audicencias

courts that had judicial and legislative power

Iberian regimes

Influenced how Spain/Portugal organized the regimes in the colonies (The Hapsburgs)

Cabildo

Town council composed of Spanish elites; responsible for taxing & policing & admi. of justice

Portugal in Brazil

Portuguese rule was relaxed until 18th century

Proprietary colonies

Colonies under the authority of individual families

Corporate colonies

Elect governers; charters that gave them autonomy