PLANT GROUPS (formal = monophyletic; informal = not monophyletic)

Algae is…

informal

Bryophytes

formal

Pteridophytes is…

informal

Lycophyta is…

formal

Polypodiophyta is…

formal

Seed plants is…

formal

Gymnosperms is…

formal

Angiosperms is…

formal

Algae (defintion)

nonvascular (without major water-conducting tissues), seedless, aquatic photoautotrophs

Algae (examples)

Red algae, green algae are plants, Other algae (including the brown algae such as kelps) are not plants

Bryophytes (definition)

nonvascular, seedless, terrestrial plants

Bryophytes (examples)

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Pteridophytes (definition)

vascular (with major water-conducting tissues), seedless, terrestrial plants

Pteridophytes

Lycophyta & Polypodiophyta

Seed plants

Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

Gymnosperms (definiton)

produce “naked” seeds

Gymnosperms (examples)

Conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, gnetophytes

Angiosperms (definition)

produce “covered” seeds; the flowering plants

Angiosperms

Monocots & Dicots (eudicots)

Monocots

produce one cotelydon (embryonic leaf); grasses, palms

Dicots (eudicots)

produce two cotyledons; the great majority of flowering plants

Angiosperms

Other smaller groups of ____ also exist that do not fit into either of these groups, such as the magnolias