Atomic Structure and Chemical Elements Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering element symbols, name origins, foundational physics/chemistry experiments, major scientists, and key discoveries.

Hydrogen

$${}_{1}^{1}\text{H}$$

Phosphorous

31

P

15

Potassium

Kalium (Neo-Latin)

$${}_{19}^{39}\text{K}$$

Sodium

Natrium (Latin)

$${}_{11}^{23}\text{Na}$$

Chlorine

$${}_{17}^{35}\text{Cl}$$

Mercury

Hydragyrum (Latinized Greek)

$${}_{80}^{202}\text{Hg}$$

Tin

Stanum (Latin)

$${}_{50}^{120}\text{Sn}$$

Lead

Plumbum (Latin)

$${}_{82}^{208}\text{Pb}$$

Gold

Aurum (Latin)

$${}_{79}^{197}\text{Au}$$

Silver

Argentum (Latin)

$${}_{47}^{107}\text{Ag}$$

Arsenic

$${}_{33}^{75}\text{As}$$

Unnilpentium (Dubnium)

Uup under the early IUPAC naming system

Db as its new IUPAC name

${}_{105}^{266}\text{Uup}$ or ${}_{105}^{266}\text{Db}$.

Cathode Ray Experiment

Experiment associated with Joseph J. Thompson that led to the discovery of the electron and its charge to mass ($e/m$) ratio.

Oil-drop Experiment

Experiment conducted by Millikan that resulted in the discovery of the elementary electric charge (electron charge).

Gold Foil Experiment

Experiment conducted by Earnest Rutherford that discovered the nucleus of atoms and the void in atoms.

Radiation / Radioactivity Research

Research conducted by Henry Becquerel and Marie Curie that led to the discovery/significance of isotopes.