PE first aid

What does DRSABCD stand for?

Danger, response, send for help, airway, breathing, CPR and Defibrillation

What is a fracture?

A crack or a break in the bone due to heavy blow to the injured area.

What are the 7 steps in the emergency action plan?

DRSABCD

What does TOTAPS stand for and what does each step mean?

TOTAPS or talk, observe, touch, active movement, passive movement, skill test

What are the 4 aims of first aid (hint: 4Ps)?

Preserve, prevent, protect, promote.

What does COWS stand for and what is this process used for?

Can you hear me, open your eyes, what’s your name, squeeze my hands, is used to check if the patient can respond after injury.

List two reasons why you would stop CPR.

Trained professionals arrive or the scene becomes unsafe.

What is your first action at the scene of an accident?

Call 000

How many compressions and how many breaths do we use when giving CPR? List this as a ratio.

30 compression and 2 breaths. 30:2

If you found a person that is unconscious and breathing what would you do (hint: what position)?

Call 000, perform COWS and put in recovery position.

If the person from the previous card stopped breathing, what action would you take?

ABCD

What’s a sprain?

Intense pain, restricted mobility, swelling and bruising around injury joint develops quickly

What’s a strain?

sharp, sudden pain in the injury region, loss of power ,tender muscle

What does RICER stand for?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Refer.

How do we treat a person using RICER?

Rest the injured area, ice, compress, elevate and refer

What does No HARM mean?

No heat, alcohol, running massage.

List 3 signs and symptoms of drowning.

Chest pain, blue lips and tongue and shortness of breath.

Explain what secondary drowning is.

Secondary drowning or dry drowning occurs when an individual inhales water due to a near drowning or struggle in the water.

Which animal bites/stings use vinegar as the treatment.

Box jelly fish and Irukandji jelly fish

List the 4 animals that use the PIT technique for treatment.

Snakes, funnel web spiders, blue-ringed octopus and cone shell.

What does PIT stand for?

Pressure Immobilization Technique.

What are three signs someone has dislocated their shoulder?

Swelling or bruising, intense pain, inability to move.

What are 3 signs of head injury?

Headache or giddiness, nausea or vomiting, loss of power in limbs.

What is the emergency action plan for first aid?

DRSABCD

What does a defibrillator do?

A defibrillator shocks the heart to restore normal rhythm

Why is head tilt important when giving rescue breaths in CPR?

To stop the tongue from blocking the airway.

What are the signs and symptoms of a strain?

Sudden pain, loss of power, tender muscle.

How would a strain be assessed?

TOTAPS

How would you treat a strain?

RICER

What are the seven steps we would follow to treat cold exposure?

Call 000, Seek Shelter, handle person gently, keep horizontal to avoid changes in blood supply, warm, dry clothing, wrap in blankets and give warm sweet drinks if conscious.

What does the R stand for in the emergency action plan? And how do we check for this?

R stands for response, from that you perform COWS.

How long should we ice a soft tissue injury? How many rounds of icing is needed?

Apply an ice pack or cold compresses for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as possible after an injury. Repeat each hour for the first 3 or 4 hours, then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days.

If a person has suffered a head injury, what 3 things do we never do/give them?

 Don’t  give them anything to eat or drink, don't give them any pain relief medication, and don’t let them sleep immediately after.

What does compression do for a soft tissue injury?

Reduces swelling

What are the 4 P’s

• Preserve life

• Protect unconscious

• Prevent the condition from becoming worse

• Promote recovery.

What depth of the chest do the CPR compressions need to go down?

1/3 chest depth

What are the signs and symptoms of a spinal injury?

Pins and needles in any part of the body, pain in neck or back or numbness and weakness.

What are the signs and symptoms of mild cold exposure?

Slurred speech, poor coordination, memory loss.

What are four different ways we could recognise emergency situations?

Unusual sounds, sights, smells, or behaviors.

What is the condition called when someone is having a severe allergic reaction?

Anaphylaxis

How do we treat anaphylaxis?

1. Lay casualty flat unless breathing is difficult.

2. Give adrenaline and record time it was given

3. Call 000

4. Give oxygen if available

5. Asthma reliever medications for breathing difficulties

6. No response after 5mins, give me adrenaline

7. Unresponsive- start DRSABCD

How do you treat someone having an asthma attack?

1. Sit casualty upright

2. Calm and reassure

3. Give reliever medication- 1 puff followed by four breaths, repeat until 4 puffs have been taken.