HOA PT. 2 ⋆｡°✩

pp. 37 - 55 ^ (Renaissance and Asian Architecture)

Functionalism

Form follows function.

Louis Sullivan became a dominant trend in Modernist architecture.

Strive for "honest" approaches to building design that focused on functional efficiency. Belief that forms can be developed specifically to suit the function they serve.

Brutalism

French phrase béton brut, or raw concrete, to describe the construction of his rough, concrete building

High Tech/Technoism

Known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, which emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. Appeared as a revamped of Modernism, and some of the features where later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism.

True

T/F: Technoism is referred as "Serviced Sheds" by historian Reyner Banham because of the exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure. Most of these early examples used exposed structural steel as their material of choice.

Industrial Period

Machine - New Source of Energy Brought about by the use of machinery and steam power for the manufacture of goods as a result of the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1769.

Around 1850

When is the section Industrial Revolution?

Beaux Art Architecture

Also known as Beaux Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival.

Agrarian revolution

is a revolution of a society that depends on agriculture as its primary means for support and sustenance. Wealth comes from the land. This type of society acknowledges other means of livelihood and work habits, but stresses the importance of agriculture and farming

Vassalage

a position of subordination or submission (as to a political power).

Moorish

The Alhambra in Spain is characteristic of style

Baroque

The word means misshapen with reference to pearls.

Baroque

Theatrical and emotional qualities made it powerful as political propaganda but its purest achievements are churches in Rome.

New architectural concerns for color, light and shade, sculptural values and intensity.

Plateresque

richly ornamented in a low-relief style suggesting silver work.

Renaissance

The Dawn of a New Age

Rebirth

Rinascimento where “ri” again + “nascere” be born

Renaissance

Time of the great Revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.

Filippo Brunelleschi

First Renaissance architect Goldsmith, inventor of the mathematics of perspective in painting, and an architect, Development of Linear Perspective.

• made a painting of the Florence Baptistry by delineating a grid at the door of the Cathedral and reproducing each cell in his grid onto a gridded panel.

Leon Battista Alberti

First architectural theorist of the Renaissance.

• was one of the foremost theorists on Renaissance architecture and art, known for codifying the principles of linear perspective (in On Painting, 1436).

Carlo Maderna

lengthened the nave to form a Latin cross plan and added the present façade and portico

Donato Bramante

Moved from Milan to Rome where he initiated the High Renaissance phase of architecture, characterized by harmony, simplicity and repose.

Michelangelo

MICHELANGELO DI LODOVICO BUONAROTTI SIMONI

Michelangelo

He was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted enormous influence in the development of Western art, universally acknowledged as a supreme artist in his own lifetime and considered the first "artistic genius.".

Giacomo Vignola

Leading architect in generation after Michelangelo.

Church the Gesu (begun 1568) was designed in accord with the Counter-Reformation emphasis on preaching.

Antonio da Sangallo

the Younger, altered the plan with an extended vestibule, lofty campanile and an elaborate central dome.

Andrea Palladio

He was a stone mason and the most influential architect of the Renaissance period. Although all his buildings are in northern Italy, his teachings in "The Four Books of Architecture" gained widespread recognition. He crafted symmetrical buildings with a distinct lack of Mannerist restlessness.

Rococo

This style is characterized by pastel colors and a lot of gilding.

The late Baroque phase from around 1700, fashionable in France and Germany, catered to Parisian taste with elegant, light-hearted decor, pastel colors, and less structural bravado.

Mannerism

Transition style from Renaissance to Baroque

Palazzo

mansion and home to the rich merchants
and bankers.

Villas

Major secular building type situated
either in the country (and often attached
to a farm) or in the suburbs.

Facadism

The principle or practice of preserving the
fronts of buildings that have elegant
architectural designs

the construction of
a modern building behind its old or
original front.

Victorian period

Historical revivalism in architecture was
the trend during the

Neoclassical period

Characterized by its use of classical Greek
and Roman elements, such as symmetry,
columns, and domes, to convey a sense of
order, grandeur, and timeless beauty.

Belle Epoque

A period in Western European history,
particularly in France with buildings
characterized by organic, flowing lines
and natural forms.

Art Nouveau

Industrialization and mass production
resulted in a secessionist style that
anchored itself on the natural forms of
plants

Jugendstil

The German variant for the Art Nouveau
movement.

Stile Liberty

The Italian variant for the Art Nouveau
movement

Romanesque period
Dark Ages

The motte-and-bailey castle configuration
arose during the

Feudalism
dependency
agrarian revolution

The rise of in Europe during the
Medieval period saw the construction of
autonomous or petty kingdoms and
castle architecture.

Perpendicular
Period

The English Gothic style where very high
walls are integrated with soaring
stained-glass windows

Lancet period

period distinguished by pointed arches
and geometric tracery window

Rayonnant period

period characterized by circular windows
with wheel tracery.

Elizabethan period

The period is characterized by the use of
brick and stone, large windows, and
elaborate decorations.

Inigo Jones

He introduced the Renaissance in
England.

Eiffel Tower

A 19th century landmark in Paris
exemplifying modern innovations in
building engineering and technology

Thomas Jefferson

Monticello by exemplifies American
Neoclassical architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright

Famous American for harmonizing architecture with the natural landscape

Philip Johnson

The Glass House in Connecticut was by

Mies van der Rohe

Less is More.

Design skyscrapers in modernist,
steel-and-glass style

Le Corbusier

Designer, urbanist, writer and painter.
The house became “ a machine for living
in” PURIST

Oscar Niemeyer

The brise soleil or the sun breaker is an
architectural element introduced by

Bauhaus

Early 20th century influential school in the
field of fine arts, industrial design and
architecture

Eero Saarinen

The plasticity of thin shell reinforced
concrete was playfully explored by

Daniel Burnham

Chicago architect and planner who
promoted the City Beautiful movement

Post-Modern
Architecture

Characterized by modern architecture
infused with elements of the historical
styles

Brutalism
Architecture

Style that displays the raw beauty of
concrete

International style

Seagram Building’s style by Ludwig Mies
van der Rohe

Post-Modern
Architecture

Michael Graves is an exponent of

Beijing, China

The “Birds Nest” Olympic Stadium is
found in

Burj Khalifa

Tallest building in the world today

Marina Bay Sands

Moshe Safdie Architects designed

I.M. Pei

Architect of the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong

Art Nouveau

Style defined by curvilinear sinuous lines
with naturalistic tendrils evoking foliate
motifs

I.M. Pei

Architect of the Glass Pyramid of the
Louvre Museum in Paris

Falling Water

Iconic work of Frank Lloyd Wright
blending the beauty of the landscape
with architecture

Pendentives

Byzantine contribution to dome building
construction

Hagia Sophia

Foremost Byzantine temple

Mission Style

Style characterized by elements inspired
by the Hispanic and Native American
cultures and distinctly found in the
United States

Bungalow

Architectural type inspired by a
low-gabled structure usually, one or one
and a half storied with its roof extended
over a front porch

Prairie house

American architectural style usually used
for dwellings, characterized by distinct
Japanese influence, horizontality, free
flowing spaces, hipped roofs with broad
eaves

Chalet

A style of house that's mainly found in the
Swiss Alps, that is made of wood with a
steeply pitched gable roof.

Art Deco

The Chrysler Building in New York is in
style

Frank Lloyd Wright

Promoter of USONIA architecture

De Stijl

Dutch artistic movement influenced by
Cubism

Postmodernism

Robert Venturi is an exponent of

Minaret

Tower where the muezzin calls the people
to prayer

Mihrab

Niche in a mosque which shows the
direction of Mecca

Madrasa

Islamic school

Kaaba

Muslim pilgrims converge around it and
pray while moving in a counterclockwise
direction

Masjid

Another word for the Islamic Mosque

Hong Kong and
Macau

These are two special administrative
regions of China known to be previously
under British and Portuguese rule

Gopuram

If torii is to Shinto, then is to Hinduism.

Mandala

It is a geometric plan of the universe or
cosmos used the basis in temple planning
in Hinduism and Buddhism

Chattra

Spire on top of a Buddhist stupa

Brahma, Vishnu,
Shiva

Hindu trinity of gods

Stambha

Pillar or column in Indian Buddhist
architecture

Tibet

Potala Palace, the home of the Dalai
Lama, is in

Washi

Paper used for Japanese wall partitions or
screens

Tokonoma

Japanese alcove where a picture or flower
arrangement can be placed

Shoji

Sliding latticework screen with paper
partitions

Samurai

Japanese warrior class

Sakura

Flowering cherry trees planted by the
Tokugawa shogunate as part of urban
design

Daibutsu

Huge sculpture of the buddha in Japan

Standardization of
parts
Bright colors
Seismic
adaptiveness
All of the above

This is characteristic of ancient Chinese
architecture

secure China from
the barbarians

The purpose of the Great Wall of China

Pagoda

Structure in Chinese Buddhism which
contains holy or sacred relics

Shweéagon/
Shweeadagon

The golden pagoda in Yangon, Burma

Malacca

Portuguese trading post in Malaysia and
now a World Heritage Site

Penang

British colonial town in Malaysia and now
a World Heritage Site

Batavia

Indonesia’s capital of Jakarta was once
known as