Atoms section 1 quiz:

Elements aka

Atoms

What are atoms?

The smallest unit of matter that all known objects are made of.

In a small pile of carbon there are approximately:

602 septillion( 1 mole)

One Mole(Avagadros Number)

602 septillion atoms

What are atoms made up of?

Nothing, subatomic particles

Protons: charge? Location? Mass?

Positive, nucleus, 1 AMU ( atomic mass unit)

Neutron:charge?location? Mass?

Neutral, nucleus, 1 AMU

Electron: charge? Location?mass?

Negative, orbiting nucleus, 0 AMU

How do we determine the atomic mass?

Add the number of protons and neutrons ( add their masses) this is because Electrons don’t weigh basically anything.

In the P-table the atomic mass is an….

Average( round the number to nearest whole) (effects the number of neutrons)

How do we determine the number of neutrons?

Atomic wight(rounded) - atomic number( protons/electrons)

Number of electrons=

Atomic number or number of protons

Electron orbitals or…

Lobes, shells, or rings

Lobes, shells, and rings are:

Places where electrons can be found

First 4 orbitals:

K,L,M,N

Electrons cannot exist in the next orbital unless…

Until the preceding orbital is maxed out with electrons.

Max of K orbital:

2

Max of L Orbital:

8 electrons

Max of M

8 ( or 18 but mainly 8 for this class)

Bohr Model:

A model of an element that shows where each electron is on each orbital.

What is the configuration of these electrons?

2-8-8-1

Valence electrons:

Electrons that are located on the last orbital

Ex: oxygen has an atomic number of 8, how many valence electrons does it have?

2-6, it has 6 valance electrons

The maximum number of valance electrons is 8 For all elements except…..

Hellium+ Hydrogen, their max is two because they only have up to two electrons.

The periodic table is ordered by:

Amount of Valance electrons.

Lewis dot structure only shows the…

Valance electrons.

As you go down a family(vertically down)

The amount of orbitals increases

As you go across a period( the colors horizontally)

The number of valance electrons increases.

Group 8a has

Max valance electrons

Family 1a is named:

Alkali metals

Family 2a is named

Alkaline Earth Metals

Groupd 7a is named:

Halogen

Group 8a is named:

Noble Gases

Families are ordered by:

number of valance electrons.

Periods are ordered by:

Number of orbitals