Government types and social contracts quiz

Locke's social contract

Democracy - majority vote

Hobbes' social contract

Absolute monarchy - one king above everyone else

Rousseau's social contract

Communism - everyone is equal and shares everything

Locke's beliefs on state of nature

Bad, everyone will fight and become enemies, man has absolutely freedom and power but cannot enjoy it - needs both order and freedom

Hobbes' beliefs on state of nature

Utter distrust, man's goal is self-preservation - needs a ruler to keep the people in check

Rousseau beliefs on state of nature

Peaceful and idealistic, man will help each other

What is a state of nature?

Imaginary situation in which there is no law or government, everybody has complete freedom

What does Locke think are the three inalienable rights?

Life, liberty, and property

What is a social contract?

When a group of people agree to give up total freedom and submit to a government that will protect their natural rights.

What is the goal of any type of government?

To try to contain or change the human heart

What is legitimacy?

The right to rule

Describe absolute monarchy

Absolute power (no limits), claim to divine right (chosen by God), determined by birth (dynasty).

Why was absolutism implemented?

People wanted security and stability in times of unrest

Describe communism

Workers rule, everyone is committed towards working for the good of the whole, equal distribution of resources, two classes (capitalists and proletariat/working class)

Describe theocracy

Religious leaders rule in the name of God, law is based off sacred book of religion (Bible, Koran, etc),

Describe Aristocracy

economic and intellectual hold the most wealth + power

Describe Machiavellian/autocratic government

Tyranny, one ruler having complete power, "better to be feared than loved," forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism

Describe a philostocracy/oligarchy

Imaginary government developed by Plato, philosophers rule, society where only the best can rule, hand picked, 'bred' into an 'elite' society

Who was Solon

A merchant who was given power, a leader and reformer, introduced democratic themes, allowed peasants to veto certain parts of law

What was the structure of the Athenian democracy?

Council of 500 (10 tribes that each elected 50 representatives), Athenian Assembly (all male citizens of Athens), and Heliaea (special powers, heard court cases and lawsuits)

What is a direct democracy?

Where every single citizen can raise their hand to vote - all voices are heard

When did democracy begin in Athens?

487

How were people elected into office in Athenian democracy?

Drawing lots