The Power of Play (P3)

(virtually; adverb) Example: Virtually all the students in the class passed the exam.

(hầu như, gần như) – Almost or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important. Synonyms: almost, nearly, practically

(the world over; idiom) Example: The Beatles are famous the world over.

(trên toàn thế giới) – In all parts of the world. Synonyms: everywhere in the world

(drive; noun) Example: He has a strong drive to succeed in his career.

(động lực, khát khao) – A strong desire or need in people that makes them act in a particular way. Synonyms: urge, desire, need, instinct, passion

(intense; adjective) Example: The children were engaged in intense play for hours.

(mãnh liệt, dữ dội) – Very great; very strong. Synonyms: strong, powerful, forceful, deep, passionate

(circumstance; noun) Example: Under no circumstances should children be left unsupervised.

(hoàn cảnh, tình huống) – The conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action. Synonyms: situation, context, incident, case, event

(encourage; verb) Example: Parents should encourage their children to explore new hobbies.

(khuyến khích, thúc đẩy) – To give somebody support, courage or hope. Synonyms: inspire, boost, urge, assist, promote Antonyms: discourage

(in the eyes of; idiom) Example: In the eyes of his parents, he could do no wrong.

(trong mắt của, theo quan điểm của) – In the opinion or judgment of someone. Synonyms: in the opinion of, in the view of

(pretend; verb) Example: Children often pretend to be superheroes when they play.

(giả vờ, đóng vai) – To behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe something that is not true. Synonyms: imagine, fantasize, not real

(cognitive; adjective) Example: Play is essential for a child's cognitive development.

(liên quan đến nhận thức) – Connected with mental processes of understanding. Synonyms: perceptive, rational, thinking, thought, mental, intellectual, reasoning

(domain; noun) Example: The study of play spans across the domain of psychology and education.

(lĩnh vực) – An area of knowledge or activity. Synonyms: area, field

(indeed; adverb) Example: The results were very impressive indeed.

(thực sự, quả thực) – Used to emphasize a positive statement or answer. Synonyms: actually, in reality, in fact, as a matter of fact, in actual fact, in truth

(instrumental; adjective) Example: Play is instrumental in developing social skills.

(đóng vai trò quan trọng, là công cụ) – Important in making something happen. Synonyms: influential, contributory, helpful

(component; noun) Example: Communication is a vital component of any relationship.

(thành phần, yếu tố) – One of several parts of which something is made. Synonyms: part, element, piece, factor, section Antonyms: whole

(fundamental; adjective) Example: Freedom of speech is a fundamental human right.

(cơ bản, nền tảng) – Serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of something. Synonyms: basic, essential, primary, necessary, vital Antonyms: secondary

(expound; verb) Example: The theorist expounded his views on the importance of play.

(giải thích chi tiết, trình bày) – To explain something by giving a lot of details about it. Synonyms: explain, develop, expand, give further details about

(counterpart; noun) Example: The minister held talks with his French counterpart.

(bên tương ứng, người đồng cấp) – A person or thing that has the same position or function as somebody/something else in a different place or situation. Synonyms: colleague, corresponding person

(kindergarten; noun) Example: My son is starting kindergarten this autumn.

(trường mẫu giáo) – A school or class to which children are sent before they are old enough to go to primary school. Synonyms: a school for very young children, nursery school, playschool, pre-school, playgroup

(grade school; noun) Example: She has been teaching at the local grade school for ten years.

(trường tiểu học) – A school for children between the ages of about five and eleven. Synonyms: elementary school, primary school

(aim; noun) Example: The main aim of the project is to improve literacy rates.

(mục tiêu, ý định) – What you are trying to achieve. Synonyms: plan, intend, try, want, endeavor, aspire, strive for

(give somebody a leg up; idiom) Example: An internship can give you a leg up when you start looking for a permanent job.

(giúp ai đó vượt qua khó khăn, giúp một tay) – To help someone to improve their situation, especially at work.

(preschooler; noun) Example: Many preschoolers enjoy activities that involve messy play.

(trẻ em lứa tuổi mẫu giáo) – A child who is not old enough to go to formal school. Synonyms: under-five, youngster, child

(path; noun) Example: The book describes his long path to success.

(con đường, hướng đi) – A plan of action or a way of achieving something. Synonyms: way, route, direction

(dichotomy; noun) Example: There is often a dichotomy between what people say and what they do.

(sự phân đôi, sự khác biệt) – A division or contrast between two groups or things that are completely opposite to and different from each other. Synonyms: contrast, opposition Antonyms: harmony

(regulate; verb) Example: The government is trying to regulate the price of fuel.

(điều chỉnh, kiểm soát) – To control something by means of rules. Synonyms: control, adjust, set, standardize

(lay; verb) Example: These results lay the foundation for future research.

(đặt, để) – To put somebody/something in a particular position, especially when it is done carefully or gently. Synonyms: place, put, set, pick up

(foundation; noun) Example: Respect is the foundation of a good friendship.

(nền móng, cơ sở) – A principle, an idea or a fact that something is based on and that it grows from. Synonyms: basis, base, footing, underpinning

(figure out; phrasal verb) Example: We need to figure out a way to solve this problem.

(tìm hiểu, luận ra) – To finally understand something or someone after a lot of thought. Synonyms: work out, understand, discover, solve, realise

(negotiation; noun) Example: The terms of the contract are still under negotiation.

(sự đàm phán, thương lượng) – Formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement. Synonyms: cooperation, compromise, intervention, discussion, finding the middle ground Antonyms: confrontation

(repertoire; noun) Example: The band has a large repertoire of songs.

(vốn, danh mục) – All the things that a person or system can do or has available. Synonyms: range, list, group, series

(consensus; noun) Example: The committee has not yet reached a consensus.

(sự đồng thuận) – An opinion that all members of a group agree with. Synonyms: agreement, harmony, accord

(elude; verb) Example: The solution to the problem had eluded him for months.

(lẩn tránh, né tránh) – To manage to avoid or escape from somebody/something, especially in a clever way. Synonyms: escape, avoid

(theorist; noun) Example: He is a leading theorist in the field of child development.

(nhà lý luận) – A person who develops ideas and principles about a particular subject. Synonyms: philosopher, theoretician, thinker, truth-seeker Antonyms: realist

(range from; phrasal verb) Example: The children's ages range from 5 to 11.

(trải dài từ, bao gồm từ) – To include a variety of different things or people in addition to those mentioned. Synonyms: vary from, differ from, diverge from

(discrete; adjective) Example: The organisms can be divided into discrete categories.

(riêng biệt, rời rạc) – Independent of other things of the same type. Synonyms: separate, distinct, detached, isolated, unconnected

(symbolic; adjective) Example: The dove is symbolic of peace.

(mang tính biểu tượng) – Containing symbols, or being used as a symbol. Synonyms: representative, figurative, emblematic, representational

(broad; adjective) Example: The course offers a broad overview of the subject.

(rộng, khái quát) – Including a great variety of people or things. Synonyms: wide-ranging, wide, general, large Antonyms: restricted, narrow

(criterion; noun) Example: What is the main criterion for joining the club?

(tiêu chuẩn) – A standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of which a decision is made. Synonyms: principle, norm, standard, measure, condition

(capture; verb) Example: The article managed to capture the essence of the debate.

(nắm bắt, thu giữ) – To succeed in accurately expressing a feeling, an idea, etc. in a picture, piece of writing, etc. Synonyms: catch, seize, get, acquire, obtain

(essence; noun) Example: His paintings capture the essence of the English countryside.

(bản chất, cốt lõi) – The most important quality or feature of something, that makes it what it is. Synonyms: spirit, core, principle, fundamental nature

(contemporary; adjective) Example: We study both classical and contemporary literature.

(đương đại, hiện đại) – Belonging to the present time. Synonyms: modern, current, present-day, up-to-date, existing Antonyms: old

(criteria; noun) Example: The criteria for selection are very strict.

(các tiêu chuẩn) – Standards or principles by which something is judged (plural of criterion). Synonyms: standards, principles, measures

(spontaneously; adverb) Example: The audience spontaneously burst into applause.

(một cách tự phát, tự nhiên) – In a way that is not planned but done because you suddenly want to do it. Synonyms: naturally, freely, unexpectedly, unprompted, all of a sudden Antonyms: deliberately

(for one’s own sake; idiom) Example: He decided to learn Italian for his own sake, not for his job.

(vì lợi ích của bản thân) – Because of the value of something has, not because of the advantage it may bring. Synonyms: in order to help or bring advantage to someone

(specifically; adverb) Example: These shoes are designed specifically for running.

(một cách cụ thể, riêng biệt) – In a detailed and exact way. Synonyms: particularly, specially, purposely, precisely

(purposeless; adjective) Example: The destruction of the park was a purposeless act of vandalism.

(không có mục đích, vô nghĩa) – Having no useful purpose. Synonyms: senseless, meaningless

(pleasure; noun) Example: He takes great pleasure in his garden.

(niềm vui thích) – A state of feeling or being happy or satisfied. Synonyms: amusement, recreation, leisure, relaxation, happiness, enjoyment, satisfaction Antonyms: displeasure

(mastery; noun) Example: She has a mastery of several languages.

(sự thành thạo, làm chủ) – Great knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or activity. Synonyms: proficiency, knowledge, ability, capability

(quoted; verb) Example: He quoted several lines from the poem.

(được trích dẫn, được lặp lại) – To repeat the exact words that another person has said or written. Synonyms: repeated, refer to, recited, mentioned

(arise from; phrasal verb) Example: Emotional problems can arise from a difficult childhood.

(phát sinh từ, do) – To happen as a result of a particular situation or event. Synonyms: result from, be the result of, be caused by, stem from, come from

(intrinsic; adjective) Example: Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.

(thuộc bản chất, nội tại) – Belonging to or part of the real nature of something/somebody. Synonyms: natural, innate, genuine, fundamental, basic, inherent

(continuum; noun) Example: It is impossible to say at what point one becomes the other; they are part of a continuum.

(dải liên tục) – A series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it but the last is very different from the first. Synonyms: range, band, field

(the set of something; phrase) Example: We need a new set of rules for the competition.

(một bộ, một nhóm) – A group of things of the same kind that belong together. Synonyms: a group of things that belong together or are used together

(dispositional; adjective) Example: Her positive attitude is a dispositional trait.

(thuộc về tính tình, khuynh hướng) – Related to a person's natural qualities of mind and character. Synonyms: related to personality, character, instinct

(pleasurable; adjective) Example: We had a very pleasurable evening at the theatre.

(thú vị, làm hài lòng) – Giving pleasure. Synonyms: satisfying, enjoyable, good fun, pleasing, pleasant

(engage in; phrasal verb) Example: Even in adulthood, people continue to engage in play.

(tham gia vào) – To take part in something. Synonyms: participate in, take part in, do, involve in

(satisfaction; noun) Example: She looked at her finished work with great satisfaction.

(sự thỏa mãn, hài lòng) – The good feeling that you have when you have achieved something or when something that you wanted to happen, has happened. Synonyms: fulfilment, enjoyment, pleasure, contentment Antonyms: dissatisfaction

(extrinsically; adverb) Example: Some students are extrinsically motivated by grades rather than a love of learning.

(tác động từ bên ngoài) – In a way that is not part of the essential nature of someone or something. Synonyms: coming from outside or not directly relating to something

(oriented; adjective) Example: The course is oriented towards the needs of businessmen.

(định hướng) – Mainly concerned with or directed towards something. Synonyms: directed towards or interested in something

(literal; adjective) Example: The literal meaning of the word is 'small'.

(theo nghĩa đen, thực tế) – Being the most basic meaning of a word or phrase. Synonyms: factual, truthful, honest, exact Antonyms: fictional

(make-believe; noun) Example: The child lives in a world of make-believe.

(sự giả vờ, thế giới tưởng tượng) – The act of imagining that something is real, or that you are somebody else. Synonyms: fantasy, pretense, role-playing Antonyms: reality

(range; verb) Example: Estimates of the damage range between £1 million and £2 million.

(dao động, trải dài) – To vary between two particular limits. Synonyms: vary, alternate, fluctuate, extend

(assign; verb) Example: The teacher will assign a different task to each student.

(phân công, giao việc) – To give somebody something that they can use, or some work or responsibility. Synonyms: allocate, select and give a responsibility

(dimension; noun) Example: There is another dimension to this problem.

(khía cạnh, chiều hướng) – An aspect, or a way of looking at or thinking about something. Synonyms: aspect, element, facet, feature, factor, component

(determine; verb) Example: An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.

(xác định) – To discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactly. Synonyms: identify, find out, specify

(process orientation; noun) Example: The company's process orientation helps maintain high standards of quality.

(định hướng quy trình) – A focus on the systems and procedures used to achieve a result. Synonyms: emphasize or focus on process, system or procedure

(lack; noun) Example: There is a lack of evidence to support the theory.

(sự thiếu hụt) – The state of not having something or not having enough of something. Synonyms: dearth, shortage, deficiency, absence, insufficiency Antonyms: abundance, surplus

(obvious; adjective) Example: The reasons for his decision were obvious.

(hiển nhiên, rõ ràng) – Easy to see or understand. Synonyms: clear, noticeable, apparent, recognizable Antonyms: obscure

(aspect; noun) Example: The book covers every aspect of the war.

(khía cạnh) – A particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc. Synonyms: feature, facet, part

(perspective; noun) Example: The exhibition provides a historical perspective on the artist's work.

(góc nhìn, quan điểm) – A particular attitude towards something; a way of thinking about something. Synonyms: view, viewpoint, thought, point of view

(blend; verb) Example: The traditional and the modern blend together in this city.

(pha trộn, kết hợp) – To mix or combine with something else, or to mix or combine other things together, often in a way that is pleasant or effective. Synonyms: mix, combine, merge

(motive; noun) Example: There seemed to be no motive for the murder.

(động cơ) – A reason for doing something. Synonyms: reason, purpose, motivation, intention, drive Antonyms: deterrent

(hybrid; noun) Example: The new vehicle is a hybrid of a car and a motorcycle.

(vật lai, sự kết hợp) – Something that is the product of two, or more, different things. Synonyms: cross, mixture, mix, fusion

(detriment; noun) Example: He was engrossed in his job to the detriment of his health.

(sự gây hại, thiệt hại) – The act of causing harm or damage to something/somebody. Synonyms: disadvantage, harm, damage Antonyms: benefit

(optimal; adjective) Example: The optimal temperature for the growth of these plants is 25°C.

(tối ưu) – The best possible; producing the best possible results. Synonyms: finest, prime, most favorable, best possible Antonyms: worst

(mid-point; noun) Example: We reached the mid-point of our journey.

(điểm giữa) – A point that is the same distance from both ends or sides of something. Synonyms: a point half the distance along something such as a line

(couple with; phrasal verb) Example: High inflation, coupled with low wages, has led to a drop in living standards.

(kết hợp với) – To link one thing, situation, etc. to another. Synonyms: together with, in addition to, as well as

(robust; adjective) Example: The company reported a robust performance in the last quarter.

(mạnh mẽ, khỏe khoắn) – Strong and healthy. Synonyms: healthy, vigorous, strong, forceful Antonyms: weak

(critically; adverb) Example: The report was critically important to the decision-making process.

(một cách quan trọng, cực kỳ) – In a way that is extremely important or serious. Synonyms: significantly, vitally, importantly, essentially, crucially, seriously Antonyms: insignificantly

(facilitate; verb) Example: Structured play can facilitate social interaction among children.

(tạo điều kiện, làm cho dễ dàng) – To make an action or a process possible or easier. Synonyms: aid, assist, accelerate, make easy, make possible, smooth the progress of Antonyms: impede

(maintain; verb) Example: It is important to maintain a healthy diet.

(duy trì, bảo vệ) – To make something continue at the same level, standard, etc. Synonyms: keep, sustain, conserve, preserve Antonyms: destroy

(approach; noun) Example: We need a new approach to the problem.

(cách tiếp cận) – A way of dealing with somebody/something. Synonyms: method, methodology, tactic

(interaction; noun) Example: The school encourages interaction between students and teachers.

(sự tương tác) – The act of communicating with somebody or having an effect on them. Synonyms: communication, contact, collaboration

(role; noun) Example: What is your role in the new project?

(vai trò) – The function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in an organization, in society or in a relationship. Synonyms: function, responsibility, task, part character

(vary; verb) Example: The prices vary according to the season.

(thay đổi, khác nhau) – To be different from each other in size, shape, etc. Synonyms: differ, diverge, be different, alter, fluctuate

(enrich; verb) Example: Reading will enrich your vocabulary.

(làm giàu, làm phong phú) – To improve the quality of something, often by adding something to it. Synonyms: enhance, augment, improve

(promote; verb) Example: The organization works to promote awareness of environmental issues.

(thúc đẩy, thăng tiến) – To help something to happen or develop. Synonyms: support, foster, encourage, help Antonyms: suppress

(curriculum; noun) Example: The school is introducing a new national curriculum.

(chương trình giảng dạy) – The subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc. Synonyms: set of courses, program of study, syllabus

(co-player; noun) Example: He is a reliable co-player on the football field.

(người cùng chơi, đồng đội) – A person who plays a game or sport with someone else. Synonyms: teammate, ally, partner fellow player

(thoughtful; adjective) Example: It was very thoughtful of you to send flowers.

(chu đáo, sâu sắc) – Showing that you think about and care for other people. Synonyms: thorough, deep, considerate

(comment; verb) Example: I don't want to comment on the situation until I have more information.

(bình luận, nhận xét) – To express an opinion about something. Synonyms: remark, mention, state, point out

(discovery; noun) Example: The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medical history.

(sự khám phá) – The act of finding or learning something that was not known about before. Synonyms: exploration, breakthrough, invention, finding

(exploration; noun) Example: The book is an exploration of the themes of love and loss.

(sự thám hiểm, thăm dò) – The act of traveling through a place in order to find out about it or look for something in it. Synonyms: discovery, adventure, searching

(facet; noun) Example: Now let's look at another facet of the problem.

(khía cạnh) – A particular part or aspect of something. Synonyms: aspect, feature, component, factor, side, surface

(somewhat; adverb) Example: The situation is somewhat complicated.

(hơi, có phần) – To some degree. Synonyms: partly, slightly, to some extent, to a certain degree

(centered; adjective) Example: The discussion was centered on the need for reform.

(tập trung vào) – Having something as the main subject or interest. Synonyms: focused, concentrated, highlighted, examined, targeted

(stem from something; phrasal verb) Example: Most of her problems stem from a lack of confidence.

(bắt nguồn từ) – To be the result of something. Synonyms: arise from, originate from, come from, derive from, develop from, be a result of, be caused by

(desire; noun) Example: She has a strong desire to travel the world.

(khao khát, mong muốn) – A strong wish to have or do something. Synonyms: wish, want, longing, craving

(essential; adjective) Example: Fresh fruit and vegetables are essential for a healthy diet.

(thiết yếu, cơ bản) – Completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity. Synonyms: vital, fundamental, basic, elemental, crucial, important Antonyms: unnecessary

(element; noun) Example: Customer service is a key element of the business.

(yếu tố, thành phần) – A necessary or typical part of something. Synonyms: component, factor, part

(autonomy; noun) Example: The universities are being given greater autonomy.

(quyền tự chủ) – The freedom for a country, a region or an organization to govern itself independently. Synonyms: independence, self-rule, self-government Antonyms: dependence