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Flashcards based on lecture notes about the nervous system.
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Central Nervous System
The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
The cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Nerves
Fiber bundles within the PNS
Tracts
Fiber bundles within the CNS
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary division of the PNS
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary division of the PNS
Neurons
Functional cells of the nervous system
Dendrites
Carry impulses to the cell body
Axons
Carry impulses away from the cell body
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain
Motor (efferent) neurons
Conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands
Interneurons
Relay information from place to place within the CNS
Myelin sheath
Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS
Myelin sheath
Formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS
Synapse
Junction point for transmitting nerve impulses from one neuron to another cell
Ascending tracts
Sensory impulses entering the spinal cord
Descending tracts
Motor impulses traveling from the brain
Autonomic Nervous System
Carries out automatic and unconscious visceral responses
Sympathetic Nervous System
Described as fight or flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Described as rest and digest
Sympathetic Nervous System
Referred to as adrenergic because it is activated by adrenaline
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Referred to as cholinergic because its neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Neurons in the sympathetic nervous system
Release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
Muscarinic receptors
Affect Parasympathetic
Common neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine
Cerebrum
The largest and most superior portion of the brain
Diencephalon
Lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem and houses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Brain stem
Spans the region between the diencephalon and the spinal cord
Pons
Connects the cerebellum with other portions of the brain and helps regulate respiration
Medulla Oblongata
Sits between the pons and the spinal cord and links the brain with the spinal cord; contains centers for controlling vital functions
Cerebellum
Coordinates voluntary muscles, maintains balance and muscle tone
Midbrain
Connects the cerebrum and diencephalon with the spinal cord; contains reflex centers concerned with vision and hearing
Meninges
Consists of 3 layers of connective tissue that surround both the brain and spinal cord to form a complete enclosure
Pia Mater
Attached to the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord and follows all of the contours of these structures
Arachnoid Mater
The middle layer of the 3 layers of connective tissue