EB Chapter 3 Open Book + Smartwork Assignments

A biological community consists of all

A) populations living and interacting in an area.

B)  members of a species living in the same area.

C) living things on Earth.

D) populations of a given species.

E) members of a species living in the same biome.

A) populations living and interacting in an area.

Biomass includes all

A) material in an ecosystem.

B) things that are living at a given time.

C) living and non-living things.

D)matter produced by primary producers.

E) biological material.

E) biological material.

Detritivores, scavengers, and decomposers are all similar as they

A) consume non-living organic matter.

B) are primarily microorganisms.

C) are primary producers.

D) are among the Earth's least useful organisms.

E) consume abiotic material.

A) consume non-living organic matter.

Nitrogen is an essential component of

A) amino acids and proteins.

B) organic molecules.

C)sugars, the product of photosynthesis.

D)the hydrologic cycle.

E) carbohydrates.

A) amino acids and proteins.

In the Midwest and Southeast, it is common to rotate soybean crops and corn crops in the same fields in different years. What chemical cycle is this related to and what is the benefit?

A) The carbon cycle; soybeans and corn are important carbon sinks.

B) The water cycle; soybeans help put more water in the soil to support the growth of corn.

C)The carbon cycle; soybeans have nodules of carbon-fixing bacteria on their roots to promote the levels of organic carbon in the soils.

D)The nitrogen cycle; nitrogen-fixing bacteria nodules on the roots of corn enriches the soil with nitrogen for the soybean plants.

E) The nitrogen cycle; soybeans have nodules of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on their roots to promote soil nitrogen levels and support the growth of corn.

E) The nitrogen cycle; soybeans have nodules of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on their roots to promote soil nitrogen levels and support the growth of corn.

Carbon-based, or ______ compounds are the foundation of organisms.

organic

Matter changes phase as it absorbs more energy. Rank the following phases from low energy intensity at the bottom to high energy intensity at the top.

Gas

Solid

Liquid

Plasma

Plasma

Gas

Liquid

Solid

Which of the following statements is true regarding molecules and compounds?

Molecules always consist of less than 24 atoms, and compounds always consist of 24 or more atoms.

Molecules and compounds are both made of atoms.

Molecules consist of just one element, and compounds are composed of different kinds of elements.

Molecules and compounds are both made of atoms.

One unusual characteristic of water is its high specific heat, which means that water ______.

absorbs a great amount of heat before its temperature changes

changes temperature slowly

has the ability to play an important role in moderating global temperatures

Positively or negatively charged atoms are ______.

ions

Organic compounds, those that are ______-based,  are the foundation of organisms.

carbon

Chains and rings of carbon atoms form the skeletons of ______.

organic compounds

Water often changes among three phases of matter. Match the form of water with the general name of that phase.

Water

Water vapor

Ice

Liquid

Gas

Solid

Water—Liquid

Water vapor—Gas

Ice—Solid

Which of the following are components of a cell?

Nucleus

Organelles

Skin

Wall or membrane

Tissue

Nucleus

Organelles

Wall or membrane

Atoms join to form ______, and a pair or group of atoms that can exist as a single unit is called a ______.

compounds; molecule

The ability to do work, such as moving matter over a distance, is __________.

energy

Match the following characteristics of water to the correct description of why that characteristic is essential to life on earth.

Molecules are polar.

Water remains liquid at a wide range of temperatures.

Molecules are cohesive.

Helps organisms to function in cool and warm conditions

Dissolves substances easily

Aids capillary action and surface tension

Molecules are polar.—Dissolves substances easily

Water remains liquid at a wide range of temperatures.—Helps organisms to function in cool and warm conditions

Molecules are cohesive.—Aids capillary action and surface tension

Calories and Joules are measurements of _____________.

energy.

Atoms often gain and lose electrons, giving them a negative or positive electrical charge. These charged atoms are ____________.

ions/ionic

The ______ law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

first

Organic compounds are primarily made of chains and rings of ______ atoms.

carbon.

Photosynthesis is an energy conversion process conducted by ______.

algae

some bacteria

green plants

A human body is composed of trillions of ________, of which there are about 200 different types with varying functions that help to carry out life processes.

cells

What is the primary molecule in photosynthesis that absorbs light energy and creates chemicals that plants use in cellular metabolism?

Chlorophyll

Which of the following statements about energy are true?

Calories are a measure of kinetic energy.

Low-quality energy is not generally as easy to use as high-quality energy.

A mass can have a high heat content but a low temperature.

Temperature always changes as heat is added to a mass.

Low-quality energy is not generally as easy to use as high-quality energy.

A mass can have a high heat content but a low temperature.

Ecology is the scientific study of ______.

the relationships between organisms and their environment

Select the two common measurements of energy.

Joule

Calorie

The original Latin meaning of the term species is ______.

kind

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy ______.

cannot be created or destroyed under normal conditions

From the list below, choose all that are producers.

Algae

Lobsters

Cats

Plants

Algae

Plants

Green plants, algae, and some bacteria capture solar radiation and convert it to organic molecules in a process called ___________.

photosynthesis

As a general rule of thumb, each trophic level has about ______ as much energy as the trophic level below it in the pyramid.

one-tenth

The process of photosynthesis can be summarized as a series of reactions during which a plant (or other photosynthetic organism) captures ______.

water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen

In the hydrologic cycle, which of these processes are responsible for redistributing water around earth and among ecosystems?

Evaporation

Atmospheric circulation

Runoff

Percolation to groundwater

Transpiration

Perspiration

The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment is _________.

ecology

In the carbon cycle, CO₂ is taken in by plants through the process of __________.

photosynthesis.

In biology, the term species generally refers to all organisms ______.

similar enough to produce fertile offspring in nature

Our atmosphere plays a ______ part in the nitrogen cycle, as nitrogen gas (N₂) makes up about ______ percent of our atmosphere.

key; 78

Green plants and algae are primary ___________.

producers

True or false: Phosphorus is an essential component of all cells.

True

There are more rabbits than foxes in an ecosystem because ______.

energy is degraded and dissipated within a trophic level and as it is transferred to successively higher trophic levels in the pyramid

In the hydrologic cycle, the majority of water that undergoes ____________ comes from the oceans. After that, it condenses into clouds and precipitation follows.

evaporation

Which of the following are major processes in the carbon cycle?

Precipitation

Respiration

Evaporation

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Photosynthesis

True or false: Bacteria play an important part in driving the global nitrogen cycle.

True

Phosphorus is an important matter of concern because ______.

phosphorus is a key nutrient

phosphorus can lead to environmental pollution

most phosphorus in ecosystems comes from certain rocks and mineral sources that are in limited supply