BIO Midterm Review

Transformation

Uptake of external DNA by a cell.

Cloning

The process of using plasmids to make multiple copies of DNA.

Restriction enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA into specific fragments.

Recombinant DNA

DNA made in a lab that combines genetic material from multiple sources.

Genetic engineering

Lab-based technology used to alter DNA.

Transgenic

An organism that has had DNA from elsewhere artificially introduced.

Plasmid

A type of DNA that is separate from chromosomes and replicates independently.

Gel electrophoresis

A technique that separates nucleic acids according to molecule size.

Biotechnology

The application of molecular biology advances in other fields.

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

A method used to denature and renature short segments of DNA using polymerase.

Genomics

The study of the complete set of DNA.

Bioinformatics

The capture and interpretation of biological data.