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Transformation
Uptake of external DNA by a cell.
Cloning
The process of using plasmids to make multiple copies of DNA.
Restriction enzymes
Enzymes that cut DNA into specific fragments.
Recombinant DNA
DNA made in a lab that combines genetic material from multiple sources.
Genetic engineering
Lab-based technology used to alter DNA.
Transgenic
An organism that has had DNA from elsewhere artificially introduced.
Plasmid
A type of DNA that is separate from chromosomes and replicates independently.
Gel electrophoresis
A technique that separates nucleic acids according to molecule size.
Biotechnology
The application of molecular biology advances in other fields.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
A method used to denature and renature short segments of DNA using polymerase.
Genomics
The study of the complete set of DNA.
Bioinformatics
The capture and interpretation of biological data.
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