fractional distillation(deck 8)

What is the purpose of fractional distillation?

To separate a mixture of liquids by their boiling points.

What do you place in the distillation flask?

A mixture of liquids (e.g. ethanol and water).

What extra equipment is needed?

A fractionating column above the flask.

What does the fractionating column do?

It helps separate liquids by repeated evaporation and condensation.

What happens as the mixture is heated?

The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first.

What happens in the condenser?

The vapour cools and condenses into a liquid.

What do you do after collecting the first liquid?

Raise the temperature to collect the next liquid.

What is a real-world use of fractional distillation?

Separating crude oil into fuels like petrol and diesel.

What safety precautions should you take?

Wear goggles, avoid overheating, and don’t seal the apparatus.